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. 2017 Mar 9;8:348. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00348

Table 8.

Sample composition and subscale scores for a range of papers using the TEOSQ.

References Sample Task orientation Ego orientation
Duda, 1989 128 male & 193 female US high school athletes M: 4.28 (0.47); F: 4.45 (0.80) M: 2.89 (0.87); F: 2.59 (0.96)
Williams and Gill, 1995 174 US middle school PE students M: 4.33 (0.57); F: 4.28 (0.54) M: 2.72 (0.99); F: 2.74 (0.88)
Van-Yperen and Duda, 1999 75 male Dutch soccer students “preseason” 3.90 (0.64) 3.64 (0.73)
Ntoumanis, 2001 247 British university athletes 4.07 (0.44) 3.13 (0.85)
Lameiras et al., 2014 158 Portuguese male professional athletes 4.15 (0.56) 2.71 (0.93)
Allen et al., 2015 177 Scottish (inter)national athletes 4.25 (0.53) 3.54 (0.77)

M, male; F, female; values are mean (standard deviation).