Fig. 1. The transcription levels of autophagic-related genes in the cerebral cortex of mice in response to RF-EMF exposure for 4 weeks.

Total RNA was extracted from the cerebral cortex of sham-exposed and RF-EMF exposed mice and were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR to determine the expression level of autophagy genes. (a~h) Quantification of Atg4A/B, Beclin1/2, Atg5, Atg9A, LC3A/B mRNA transcripts by qRT-PCR. (i) 1.5% Agarose gel electrophoresis indicating the differential expression of autophagy genes by sqRT-PCR. The expressional values of the cerebral cortex of the RF-EMF exposed mice were normalized to those of the sham-exposed mice. The relative transcriptional levels of each gene were calculated by normalizing to the expression of GAPDH using the 2^−ΔΔCt method (n=5). Each bar represents the mean±SEM of three independent experiments. Statistical significance was evaluated using a t-test: ^*p<0.05, ^**p<0.01, ^***p<0.001.