Table 3.
Indexes of change in general practitioners’ self-assessed communicationa by study group.
| Scale item | Groupb | Wald χ2c
(P value) |
Pairwise comparisons (P value)d |
||||
| EL (n=42) mean (SE) |
A (n=89) mean (SE) |
C (n=94) mean (SE) |
|||||
| EL–C | A–C | EL–A | |||||
| Global communication score | |||||||
|
|
.19 (.126) | –.44 (.079) | –.09 (.074) | 34.5 (<.001) |
0.28 (.18) |
–0.35 (.003) |
0.63 (<.001) |
| 1. I greet them in a kind manner. | |||||||
|
|
.05 (.193) | –.21 (.101) | .06 (.110) | 4.9 (.18) |
–0.01 (>.99) |
–0.28 (.19) |
0.26 (.69) |
| 2. I discuss with them the reason for a visit. | |||||||
|
|
.02 (.180) | –.23 (.117) | –.31 (.121) | 10.2 (.02) |
0.33 (.38) |
0.08 (>.99) |
0.25 (.74) |
| 3. I listen to them carefully. | |||||||
|
|
.17 (.190) | –.34 (.094) | –.12 (.096) | 15.1 (.002) |
0.28 (.55) |
–0.22 (.31) |
0.50 (.053) |
| 4. I show understanding of their problems. | |||||||
|
|
.02 (.163) | –.42 (.109) | –.15 (.097) | 16.9 (.001) |
0.17 (>.99) |
–0.27 (.20) |
0.44 (.08) |
| 5. I make sure I understood them correctly. | |||||||
|
|
.14 (.211) | –.35 (.127) | .07 (.134) | 8.3 (.04) |
0.07 (>.99) |
–0.42 (.07) |
0.49 (.14) |
| 6. I encourage them to ask questions. | |||||||
|
|
.62 (.286) | –.18 (.165) | .04 (.168) | 5.9 (.11) |
0.58 (.25) |
–0.22 (>.99) |
0.80 (.046) |
| 7. I answer all their questions. | |||||||
|
|
–.07 (.163) | –.47 (.114) | –.42 (.120) | 29.5 (<.001) |
0.34 (.27) |
–0.06 (>.99) |
0.40 (.13) |
| 8. I make sure they understood me correctly. | |||||||
|
|
.07 (.166) | –.63 (.126) | –.13 (.125) | 26.4 (<.001) |
0.20 (>.99) |
–0.50 (.01) |
0.70 (.002) |
| 9. I use language they can understand. | |||||||
|
|
.00 (.135) | –.56 (.100) | –.11 (.108) | 32.3 (<.001) |
0.10 (>.99) |
–0.48 (.006) |
0.56 (.002) |
| 10. I summarize topics we discussed. | |||||||
|
|
.21 (.204) | –.47 (.133) | –.15 (.131) | 15.0 (.002) |
0.36 (.40) |
–0.32 (.25) |
0.67 (.01) |
| 11. I inform them about the examination. | |||||||
|
|
.07 (.229) | –.27 (.135) | .02 (.165) | 4.1 (.25) |
0.05 (>.99) |
–0.29 (.52) |
0.34 (.60) |
| 12. I care about their comfort during the examination. | |||||||
|
|
.21 (.181) | –.52 (.101) | –.28 (.125) | 32.0 (<.001) |
0.49 (.08) |
–0.24 (.41) |
0.73 (.001) |
| 13. I provide as much time as they need for each part of the visit. | |||||||
|
|
.21 (.281) | –.51 (.183) | –.15 (.165) | 9.0 (.03) |
0.36 (.80) |
–0.35 (.45) |
0.72 (.10) |
| 14. I explain treatment options available in their situation. | |||||||
|
|
.36 (.220) | –.38 (.126) | –.13 (.109) | 13.3 (.004) |
0.48 (.15) |
–0.25 (.38) |
0.74 (.01) |
| 15. I explain why they should comply with the recommendations. | |||||||
|
|
.14 (.174) | –.40 (.109) | –.14 (.107) | 16.2 (.001) |
0.28 (.50) |
–0.27 (.24) |
0.55 (.02) |
| 16. I make sure they’ll be able to comply with the recommendations. | |||||||
|
|
.02 (.167) | –.40 (.134) | .11 (.130) | 9.7 (.02) |
–0.08 (>.99) |
–0.51 (.02) |
0.43 (.14) |
| 17. I write down the main recommendations for them. | |||||||
|
|
–.02 (.145) | –.43 (.103) | –.13 (.088) | 19.4 (<.001) |
0.10 (>.99) |
–0.30 (.08) |
0.40 (.07) |
| 18. I discuss the plan of further treatment. | |||||||
|
|
.29 (.182) | –.40 (.109) | –.06 (.114) | 16.6 (.002) |
0.35 (.31) |
–0.34 (.09) |
0.69 (.003) |
| 19. I briefly summarize the entire visit. | |||||||
|
|
.36 (.222) | –.46 (.140) | .05 (.148) | 13.5 (.004) |
0.30 (.77) |
–0.51 (.04) |
0.82 (.006) |
| 20. I encourage them to participate in making decisions. | |||||||
|
|
.64 (.164) | –.43 (.148) | .05 (.138) | 23.8 (<.001) |
0.59 (.02) |
–0.48 (.053) |
1.07 (<.001) |
| 21. I give the opportunity to express their opinion. | |||||||
|
|
.62 (.168) | –.48 (.145) | –.10 (.132) | 25.2 (<.001) |
0.71 (.002) |
–0.38 (.14) |
1.10 (<.001) |
| 22. I take their opinion into account in making decisions. | |||||||
|
|
.38 (.178) | –.66 (.146) | .11 (.145) | 25.9 (<.001) |
0.25 (.69) |
–0.77 (.001) |
1.04 (<.001) |
| 23. I create an atmosphere that allows them to discuss intimate issues freely. | |||||||
|
|
.21 (.163) | –.48 (.131) | .02 (.127) | 16.6 (.001) |
0.19 (>.99) |
–0.50 (.01) |
0.68 (.002) |
| 24. I notice their feelings and accept them. | |||||||
|
|
.07 (.170) | –.51 (.106) | .03 (.132) | 23.2 (<.001) |
0.04 (>.99) |
–0.54 (.005) |
0.58 (.01) |
| 25. I ensure a good atmosphere during the entire visit. | |||||||
|
|
.10 (.183) | –.66 (.121) | –.23 (.100) | 35.8 (<.001) |
0.33 (.35) |
–0.43 (.02) |
0.76 (.002) |
| 26. I win their trust. | |||||||
|
|
.07 (.156) | –.53 (.119) | –.21 (.116) | 23.2 (<.001) |
0.28 (.43) |
–0.31 (.18) |
0.60 (.007) |
aAssessed by the Promoting Active Aging Communication Scale-Doctors (PRACTA-CS-D) in response to questions about general practitioners’ usual behavior with their older patients (≥65 years).
bStudy groups were e-learning (EL), pdf article (A), and control (C).
cWald chi-square test of the overall model.
dPairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction.