Table 4.
Variable | Groupa | Wald χ2b
(P value) |
Pairwise comparisons (P value)c |
||||
EL (n=42) mean (SE) |
A (n=89) mean (SE) |
C (n=94) mean (SE) |
|||||
EL–C | A–C | EL–A | |||||
1. Cognitive aspect | |||||||
|
.26 (.163) | –.13 (.120) | –.11 (.097) | 5.02 (.17) |
0.37 (.15) |
–0.03 (>.99) |
0.40 (.15) |
2. Positive emotions | |||||||
|
.19 (.145) | –.20 (.102) | –.17 (.098) | 8.7 (.03) |
0.36 (.11) |
–0.02 (>.99) |
0.39 (.08) |
3. Negative emotions | |||||||
|
–.54 (.267) | –.04 (.196) | –.23 (.190) | 5.5 (.14) |
–0.31 (>.99) |
0.18 (>.99) |
–0.50 (.41) |
4. Motivational aspect | |||||||
|
.35 (.175) | –.17 (.114) | –.18 (.107) | 8.9 (.03) |
0.53 (.03) |
0.01 (>.99) |
0.52 (.04) |
5. Self-efficacy | |||||||
|
.35 (.165) | .01 (.129) | –.05 (.104) | 4.9 (.17) |
0.41 (.11) |
0.06 (>.99) |
0.35 (.29) |
aStudy groups were e-learning (EL), pdf article (A), and control (C).
bWald chi-square test of model effect.
cPairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction.