Table 3.
The associations between adherence to lifestyle behavior recommendations and meeting expectations on a standardized exam in Reading
| Academic Achievement in Reading | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable | Model 1* | Model 2** | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Meets Vegetables and Fruits | ||||||
| No (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 1.44 (1.13, 1.83) | 0.003 | 1.30 (1.02, 1.66) | 0.03 | 1.19 (0.91, 1.56) | 0.20 |
| Meets Grain Products | ||||||
| No (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 1.49 (1.13, 1.97) | 0.005 | 1.49 (1.12, 1.98) | 0.006 | 1.57 (1.16, 2.14) | 0.004 |
| Meets Milk and Alternatives | ||||||
| No (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 1.25 (1.02, 1.53) | 0.03 | 1.24 (1.00, 1.53) | 0.045 | 1.46 (1.16, 1.84) | 0.001 |
| Meets Meat and Alternatives | ||||||
| No (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 1.55 (1.20, 2.01) | 0.001 | 1.55 (1.19, 2.01) | 0.001 | 1.56 (1.18, 2.08) | 0.04 |
| Meets Saturated Fat | ||||||
| No (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 1.36 (1.13, 1.65) | 0.001 | 1.28 (1.06, 1.56) | 0.01 | 1.28 (1.01, 1.62) | 0.04 |
| Meets Free Sugars <10% total kcal | ||||||
| No (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 1.91 (1.57, 2.32) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.28, 1.90) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.02, 1.62) | 0.03 |
| Meets PAQ-C | ||||||
| No (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 1.14 (0.90, 1.45) | 0.28 | 1.05 (0.82, 1.34) | 0.70 | 1.05 (0.82, 1.36) | 0.66 |
| Meets Sleep | ||||||
| No (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 1.33 (0.89, 2.00) | 0.16 | 1.21 (0.79, 1.88) | 0.38 | 1.39 (0.90, 2.13) | 0.14 |
| Meets Screen Time | ||||||
| No (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 1.17 (0.94, 1.46) | 0.16 | 1.03 (0.82, 1.31) | 0.77 | 0.96 (0.75, 1.23) | 0.74 |
| Body Weight Status | ||||||
| Normal Weight (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Overweight or Obese | 1.01 (0.81, 1.26) | 0.92 | 1.09 (0.86, 1.37) | 0.48 | 1.03 (0.82, 1.31) | 0.79 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Girl (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Boy | 0.56 (0.46, 0.67) | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.46, 0.69) | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.47, 0.70) | <0.001 |
| Parental Education | ||||||
| Secondary or Less (ref) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| College Diploma | 1.42 (1.09, 1.84) | 0.008 | 1.33 (1.02, 1.73) | 0.04 | 1.24 (0.93, 1.66) | 0.14 |
| University or Graduate Degree | 2.56 (1.92, 3.41) | <0.001 | 1.89 (1.40, 2.55) | <0.001 | 1.89 (1.37, 2.60) | <0.001 |
| Household Income (CAN$) | ||||||
| <=20,000 (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 20,001–40,000 | 1.31 (0.97, 1.77) | 0.78 | 1.20 (0.90, 1.62) | 0.22 | 1.23 (0.89, 1.70) | 0.21 |
| 40,001–60,000 | 1.68 (1.20, 2.34) | 0.002 | 1.32 (0.95, 1.84) | 0.10 | 1.33 (0.94, 1.88) | 0.11 |
| >=60,001 | 3.10 (2.13, 4.51) | <0.001 | 1.95 (1.33, 2.87) | 0.001 | 2.06 (1.37, 3.08) | <0.001 |
| Region of Residence | ||||||
| Rural (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Urban | 1.23 (0.96, 1.57) | 0.11 | 1.03 (0.84, 1.25) | 0.81 | 1.11 (0.87, 1.41) | 0.41 |
*Model 1 adjusted for gender, parental education, household income, and region of residence. Results for Model 1 for confounders are the result of a model using only confounders as predictors
**Model 2 adjusted for above, weight status and all lifestyle behaviors
Results in bold are statistically significant (p < 0.05)