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. 2017 Mar 9;17:67. doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0819-7

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Head circumference-for-age z-score. Analysis performed using the generalized estimated equation (GEE) model. - Comparison between the groups (P < 0.001), comparison between times (P < 0.001), and comparison between group and times (interaction: P < 0.001). - We used letters a, b, and c to express the differences between the three groups. Means followed by the same letter showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) based on the GEE analysis, followed by the Bonferroni multiple comparison test. *There was no statistically significant difference between the tobacco group and the other groups