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. 2017 Mar 9;7:43475. doi: 10.1038/srep43475

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(A) mRNA levels of Beclin1 with CQ treatment (n = 6). (B,C) The effects of CQ on sperm viability and motility in vivo (n = 6). (D) mRNA levels of Beclin1 with 3-MA treatment (n = 6). (E,F) The effects of 3-MA on sperm viability and motility in vivo (n = 6). Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, compared with control group. ^#p < 0.05, compared with PA group.