Table 1.
Characteristics of Women with SLE and their Pregnancies, 1990–2013
| 149 pregnancies | Total, n=149 | Adverse pregnancy outcome*, n=40 |
Favorable pregnancy outcome, n=109 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at conception, years | 31.3 (27.7–35.0) | 30.1 (26.2–33.1) | 32.3 (28.2–35.5) | 0.03 |
| Race/ethnicity# | ||||
| Caucasian | 77 (67.5) | 19 (59.4) | 58 (70.7) | 0.99 |
| African American | 12 (10.5) | 3 (9.4) | 9 (11.0) | |
| Asian | 8 (7.0) | 2 (6.3) | 6 (7.3) | |
| Hispanic | 17 (14.9) | 8 (25.0) | 9 (11.0) | 0.08 |
| Planned pregnancy | 57 (38.3) | 15 (37.5) | 42 (38.5) | 0.99 |
| Gravida | ||||
| 1 | 46 (30.9) | 15 (37.5) | 31 (28.4) | 0.61 |
| 2 | 45 (30.2) | 13 (32.5) | 32 (29.4) | |
| 3 | 25 (16.8) | 5 (12.5) | 20 (18.4) | |
| ≥4 | 33 (22.2) | 7 (17.5) | 26 (23.9) | |
| History of adverse pregnancy outcome** | 23 (22.3) | 13 (52.0) | 10 (12.8) | <0.01 |
| History of APS | 7 (4.7) | 1 (2.5) | 6 (5.5) | 0.68 |
| History of lupus nephritis | 49 (32.9) | 17 (42.5) | 32 (29.4) | 0.17 |
| Serologies prior to conception | ||||
| Anti-dsDNA elevated | 99 (66.4) | 33 (82.5) | 66 (60.6) | 0.01 |
| Anti-La | 25 (16.8) | 9 (22.5) | 16 (14.7) | 0.32 |
| Anti-Ro | 42 (28.2) | 12 (30.0) | 30 (27.5) | 0.84 |
| APLAb positive | 43 (28.9) | 13 (32.5) | 30 (27.5) | 0.55 |
Presented as median (IQR) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables
Bonferroni-adjusted p values from Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and Fisher’s exact or Chi-square tests
Adverse pregnancy outcome: pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery (<37 weeks), termination due to SLE disease activity, spontaneous abortion ≥12 weeks to <20 weeks, or stillbirth (fetal loss ≥20 weeks)
Presented as percentage of 114 unique women (32 with adverse outcome and 82 with favorable outcome)
Presented as percentage of 103 non-primigravida pregnancies (25 with adverse outcome and 78 with favorable outcome)
APS = antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
APLAb = antiphospholipid antibodies (anti-cardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant, and/or beta-2-glycoprotein 1)