TABLE 1—
Cumulative Lifetime Marijuana Use Effect on Incident Total Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack, Coronary Heart Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: CARDIA, United States, 2014
| Variable | Never (n = 827) | 1.0 Days to < 0.5 Marijuana-Years (n = 1775) | 0.5 to < 2.0 Marijuana-Years (n = 1,120) | 2.0 to < 5.0 Marijuana-Years (n = 705) | ≥ 5.0 Marijuana-Years (n = 686) | P for Trend |
| Total cardiovascular disease | ||||||
| No. of events | 45 | 60 | 51 | 36 | 23 | |
| Event ratea | 2.11 | 1.31 | 1.78 | 1.98 | 1.29 | |
| AHR (95% CI)b | 1 (Ref) | 0.66 (0.41, 1.09) | 0.80 (0.43, 1.49) | 0.84 (0.45, 1.58) | 0.72 (0.35, 1.50) | .86 |
| Stroke or transient ischemic attack | ||||||
| No. of events | 14 | 21 | 12 | 8 | 6 | |
| Event ratea | 0.65 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.35 | |
| AHR (95% CI)b | 1 (Ref) | 0.73 (0.32, 1.68) | 0.62 (0.21, 1.81) | 0.57 (0.17, 1.93) | 0.65 (0.16, 2.66) | .76 |
| Coronary heart disease | ||||||
| No. of events | 20 | 28 | 24 | 19 | 13 | |
| Event ratea | 0.95 | 0.61 | 0.84 | 1.08 | 0.73 | |
| AHR (95% CI)b | 1 (Ref) | 0.65 (0.32, 1.33) | 0.74 (0.25, 2.19) | 1.05 (0.38, 2.93) | 0.84 (0.28, 2.51) | .43 |
| Cardiovascular disease mortality | ||||||
| No. of events | 7 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 7 | |
| Event ratea | 0.33 | 0.29 | 0.39 | 0.66 | 0.37 | |
| AHR (95% CI)b | 1 (Ref) | 1.04 (0.36, 3.04) | 1.01 (0.28, 3.68) | 1.47 (0.36, 6.07) | 0.95 (0.20, 4.59) | .87 |
Note. AHR = adjusted hazard ratio; CARDIA = the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study; CI = confidence interval. The sample size was n = 5113. Cumulative lifetime exposure to marijuana is shown in terms of marijuana-years, with 1 marijuana-year of exposure equivalent to 365 d marijuana use (1 y × 365 d/y) up to the examination immediately before the date of the clinical cardiovascular event, date of death, or the last date of contact.
Per 1000 person-years.
Adjusted for age, gender, race, educational attainment, and study center as well as family history of cardiovascular disease and time-varying physical activity, body mass index, high blood pressure, diabetes, dyslipidemia, depression, smoking (pack-years), cumulative alcohol use, cumulative binge drinking episodes, and cumulative use of other illicit drugs (cocaine, crack, speed, methamphetamine, or opioids).