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. 2017 Jan 27;18(2):278. doi: 10.3390/ijms18020278

Figure 7.

Figure 7

A model depicting the acidosis/GPR4-induced ER stress response in vascular ECs. Acidic extracellular pH activates the proton-sensing receptor GPR4 and stimulates all three arms (ATF6, PERK, and IRE1) of the ER stress/UPR pathways in ECs. “P” denotes the phosphate group of a protein.