Table 6.

Causes of recurrent pneumonia in the current series, compared with previous studies.

Variable	Current Series	Owayed et al. [5]	Ciftçi et al. [6]	Lodha et al. [7]	Cabezuelo et al. [8]	Hoving et al. [9]	Patria et al. [10]
Number of patients	113	238	71	70	106	62	146
Setting	Tertiary care centre	Tertiary care centre	Tertiary care centre	Tertiary care centre	Tertiary care centre	General hospital	Tertiary care centre
Country	Italy	Canada	Turkey	India	Spain	The Netherlands	Italy
Diagnosis rate (%)	83	92	85	84	87	69	NA
Underlying causes (%)
Lung/airway disease	26	8	6	9	2	16	30
Immunodeficiency	7	10	10	16	10	16	1
Recurrent aspiration/GER	5	53	18	37	27	26	24
Heart/vessels anomalies	2	9	9	3	29	5	2
Cystic fibrosis	4	0	3	0	0	0	0
Primary ciliary dyskinesia	38	0	0	7 *	0	0	1
Tuberculosis	2	0	3	0	0	0	0

GER, gastroesophageal reflux; * Diagnosis suspected, but not confirmed because of lack of facilities.