Table 1.

Summary of reported cases of AA intoxications found in the literature.

Year of Publication	Authors	Country	Numb of Cases	Purpose of AA Ingestion Suspected Aristolochia Species
1993	Vanherweghem et al. [1]	Belgium	9	Slimming pills containing Chinese herbs. Aristolochia fangchi
1996	Peña et al. [22]	Spain	1	Infusion made with a mixture of herbs. Aristolochia pistolochia
1997	Tanaka et al. [35]	Japan	1	Health food for atopic dermatitis.
1998	Stengel and Jones [23]	France	2	Slimming pills containing Chinese herbs.
1998	Vanherweghem et al. [21]	Belgium	100	Slimming pills containing Chinese herbs. Aristolochia fangchi
1999	Lord et al. [24]	UK	2	Herbal preparation for treatment of eczema. Aristolochia manshuriensis
1999	Lee et al. [33]	Taiwan	1	Chinese herbal medicine for peripheral extremities weakness and numbness.
2000	Meyer et al. [26]	USA	1	Chinese herbal medicine for pain relief.
2000	Tanaka et al. [36]	Japan	2	Not described. Aristolochia manshuriensis
2000	Yang et al. [32]	Taiwan	12	Chinese herbal medicine for weight control, nutritional supplements, treatment of arthralgia, hypertension or hepatitis.
2001	Krumme et al. [25]	Germany	1	Chinese herbal medicine for hyperuricaemia.
2001	Chen et al. [28]	China	58	Not described.
2004	Lo et al. [29]	China	1	Chinese herbal medicine as a “tonic herbal remedy”.
2004	Lee et al. [39]	Korea	1	Chinese herbs mixture for slimming purposes.
2004	Kazama et al. [37]	Japan	1	Chinese herbal medicine for sterility.
2006	Hong et al. [34]	Taiwan	1	Chinese herbal medicines for “health improvement”.
2007	Yang et al. [30]	China	8	Chinese herb “Guanmutong” Aristolochia manshuriensis.
2011	Chau et al. [27]	Australia	1	Chinese herbal medicine to treat psoriasis.
2012	Yang et al. [31]	China	300	Not described.
2013	Michl et al. [38]	Bangladesh		Remedies for snake bites, sexual problems, gastric problems, “tonic remedy”. Aristolochia indica