| α-MSH | alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone |
| TYR | tyrosinase |
| l-DOPA | l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine |
| MITF | microphthalmia-associated transcription factor |
| TYRP1 | tyrosinase-related protein 1 |
| CREB | cAMP response element binding protein |
| PKA | protein kinase A |
| ERK1/2 | extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 |