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. 2017 Feb 4;18(2):327. doi: 10.3390/ijms18020327

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Main molecular structures identified in wheat and Chamaecytisus proliferus lignin extracts by ¹³C-¹H 2D-HSQC NMR spectroscopy. (A) β-O-4′ linkages; (A′) β-O-4′ linkages with acetylated γ-carbon; (B) resinol β-β′ structure; (C) phenylcoumaran β-5′ subunit; (H) p-hydroxyphenyl unit; (G) guaiacyl unit; (S) syringyl unit; (S′) oxidized syringyl units with a C_α ketone; (FA) ferulate; (PCA) p-coumarate and (J) cinnamyl aldehyde end-groups.

Main molecular structures identified in wheat and Chamaecytisus proliferus lignin extracts by ¹³C-¹H 2D-HSQC NMR spectroscopy. (A) β-O-4′ linkages; (A′) β-O-4′ linkages with acetylated γ-carbon; (B) resinol β-β′ structure; (C) phenylcoumaran β-5′ subunit; (H) p-hydroxyphenyl unit; (G) guaiacyl unit; (S) syringyl unit; (S′) oxidized syringyl units with a C_α ketone; (FA) ferulate; (PCA) p-coumarate and (J) cinnamyl aldehyde end-groups.