Table 1.
Causes of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
| Infectious * | Noninfectious ** |
|---|---|
| Bacterial | Aspiration of gastric contents |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | Near-drowning |
| Group B streptococci | Pulmonary contusion |
| Group A streptococci | Toxic inhalation injury |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Multiple transfusions Pancreatitis |
| Hemophilus influenzae | Burns |
| Drug overdose | |
| Neisseria species Mixed anaerobes Enterococcus species Mycoplasma pneumonia Chlamydia pneumonia Mycobacterial Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium avium Viral |
Multiple bone fractures Post cardio-pulmonary bypass Traumatic brain injury |
| Influenza A,B | |
| Parainfluenza types 1–3 | |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | |
| Coronavirus | |
| Adenovirus | |
| Metapneumovirus | |
| Measles virus | |
| Varicella zoster virus | |
| Fungal | |
| Aspergillus species | |
| Blastomyces species | |
| Cryptococcus species | |
| Parasitic | |
| Pneumocystis jiroveci | |
| Malaria |