95% CI	95% confidence interval
β-blockers	β-adrenoceptor antagonists/blockers
ACE	angiotensin converting enzyme
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
BMI	body mass index
BP	blood pressure
c-Kit	c-Kit protein
ccRCC	clear cell renal cell carcinoma
CYP	cytochrome P450
CYPIP	cytohesin 1 interacting protein
CXCR4	chemokine receptor type 4
eGFR	estimated glomerular filtration rate
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinases
Flt-3	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3
ESMO	European Society for Medical Oncology
HR	hazard ratio
HIF-2α	hypoxia-inducible factor-2α
IFN-α	interferon-α
IL-2	interleukin-2
MEK	mitogen-activated protein kinases
mmHg	millimetres of mercury
mRCC	metastatic renal cell carcinoma
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
NP	not provided
OS	overall survival
PDE	phosphodiesterase
PDGF-β	platelet-derived growth factor-β
PDGFR-α	platelet-derived growth factor-α receptor
PDGFR-β	platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor
PFS	progression-free survival
PLC	phospholipase C
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PS	prognostic score
RCC	renal cell carcinoma
Raf	rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma
Ras	Ras protein
TA	targeted agent
TKI	tyrosine kinase inhibitor
TKIs	tyrosine kinase inhibitors
TGF-α	transforming growth factor-α
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGFR	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
VHL	von Hippel–Lindau
VHL-HIF	von Hippel–Lindau-hypoxia-inducible factor