Table 1.

Features of selected DNA oncolytic viruses.

Virus	Herpes Simplex Virus	Adenovirus	Vaccinia Virus	Parvovirus
Family	Herpesviridae	Adenoviridae	Poxviridae	Parvoviridae
Genome	dsDNA	dsDNA	dsDNA	ssDNA
Method of entry	HVEM, nectin 1 or 2	CAR	Macropinocytosis	Sialic acid residues
Replication site	Nucleus	Nucleus	Cytoplasm	Nucleus
Phase of clinical trials	I–III	I–III	I–III	I–II
Disease types for clinical trials	Melanoma, H and N cancer, pancreatic cancer, GBM, breast cancer, HCC	H and N cancer, pancreatic cancer, GBM, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, CRC, bladder cancer	H and N cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, HCC, CRC	GBM

Note: dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; ssDNA, single-stranded DNA; HVEM, herpesvirus entry mediator; CAR, coxsackie-adenovirus receptor; H and N, head and neck; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; CRC, colorectal cancer.