Table 2.
Features of selected RNA oncolytic viruses.
| Virus | Reovirus | Coxsackievirus | Polio Virus | Seneca Valley Virus | Measles Virus | Newcastle Disease Virus | Vesicular Stomatitis Virus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family | Reoviridae | Picornaviridae | Picornaviridae | Picornaviridae | Paramyxoviridae | Paramyxoviridae | Paramyxoviridae |
| Genome | dsRNA | (+)ssRNA | (+)ssRNA | (+)ssRNA | (−)ssRNA | (−)ssRNA | (−)ssRNA |
| Method of entry | JAM-A | CAR/ICAM1/DAF | CD155 | Endocytosis | SLAM, CD46 | Endocytosis, direct fusion | LDLR |
| Replication site | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm |
| Phase of clinical trials | I–II | I–II | I | I–II | I–II | I–II | I |
| Disease types for clinical trials | H and N cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, NSCLC, CRC, glioma, sarcoma | Melanoma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer | GBM | Neuroendocrine tumors, lung cancer, neuroblastoma | Multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer, GBM, oral cancer, peritoneal malignancies | GBM | HCC |
Note: dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; ssRNA, single-stranded RNA; JAM-A, junctional adhesion molecule A; CAR, coxsackie-adenovirus receptor; ICAM1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; DAF, decay-accelerating factor; SLAM, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule; LDLR, low density lipoprotein receptor; H and N, head and neck; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; CRC, colorectal cancer; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.