Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Variables | Average* | Interhospital range | P-value# |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68.3 (9.8) | 64.7–69.7 | 0.100 |
| Male sex (n) | 527 (84.9) | 51.7–94.8 | <0.001 |
| Current smokers (n) | 163 (26.2) | 18.5–40.0 | <0.001 |
| Tobacco history (pack-years) | 54.7 (30.5) | 42.5–66.6 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities (Charlson) | 2.15 (1.5) | 1.8–2.4 | 0.577 |
| Psychiatric comorbidities (n) | 126 (20.3) | 12.3–24.1 | 0.779 |
| Cardiovascular comorbidities (n) | 163 (26.2) | 18.2–37.5 | 0.072 |
| Previous neoplasms (n) | 92 (14.8) | 8.6–21.0 | 0.532 |
| Time from diagnosis (years) | 5.5 (5.9) | 1.06–6.9 | 0.033 |
| GesEPOC phenotype | |||
| Nonfrequent exacerbator (n) | 297 (47.8) | 0–85.2 | <0.001 |
| Mixed (n) | 64 (10.3) | 3.7–22.5 | <0.001 |
| Frequent exacerbator with emphysema (n) | 50 (8.1) | 0–17.3 | <0.001 |
| Frequent exacerbator with chronic bronchitis (n) | 90 (14.5) | 0–34.2 | <0.001 |
| Not available (n) | 120 (19.3) | 0–88.9 | <0.001 |
| GOLD types | |||
| Type A (n) | 115 (18.5) | 0–40.7 | <0.001 |
| Type B (n) | 60 (9.7) | 0–21.9 | <0.001 |
| Type C (n) | 100 (16.1) | 0–38.3 | <0.001 |
| Type D (n) | 109 (17.6) | 0–32.9 | <0.001 |
| Not available (n) | 237 (38.2) | 0–100 | <0001 |
| Previous hospitalizations (n) | 0.9 (1.6) | 0.1–1.3 | <0.001 |
| α1-Antitrypsin determined (n) | 164 (26.4) | 2.5–53.2 | <0.001 |
| Some sputum microbiology in the past (n) | 264 (42.5) | 11.3–64.2 | <0.001 |
| Some sputum isolation in the past (n) | 23 (3.7) | 0–11.1 | <0.001 |
| BODE available (n) | 60 (9.7) | 0–32.5 | <0.001 |
| BODEx available (n) | 145 (23.3) | 0–96.3 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.2 (5.3) | 26.0–29.6 | 0.009 |
| FVC (%) | 74.6 (20.7) | 63.7–98.4 | <0.001 |
| FEV1 (%) | 51.9 (19.7) | 42.7–59.1 | 0.001 |
| Monographic clinic (n) | 229 (36.9) | 0–100 | <0.001 |
| Clinic located in the hospital (n) | 607 (97.7) | 82.7–100 | <0.001 |
Notes:
*
Data are expressed as mean (SD) or absolute (relative) frequencies depending on the nature of the variable.
#
Calculated for the variability between centers using ANOVA and Chi-square test, depending on the nature of the variable.
Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; SD, standard deviation; BODE, body mass index, obstruction, dyspnea, and excercise.