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. 2017 Feb 27;13(2):e1006226. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006226

Fig 4. HIV-1 alters multiple signaling pathways in gut CD4+ T cells.

Fig 4

Microarray data were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). (A) HIV-1-altered pathways. Bars correspond to log-transformed p-value and colors indicate either pathway activation (orange) or inhibition (blue) based on a Z-score. OX40 and PPAR signaling had the highest Z-scores and p-values. (B) OX40 signaling pathway components and (C) evaluation of OX40 expression in gut CD4+ T cells in 5 LPMC donors by flow cytometry. %OX40+ cells were evaluated in total CD4+ T cells from mock-infected cultures versus HIV-1-eGFP+ cells from HIV-1-infected cultures. (D) PPAR signaling pathway components. For panels B and D, non-gray components correspond to relevant genes in the pathway. This includes genes (black border) or complexes (magenta border) that were upregulated (orange-to-red) or downregulated (green). Blue shapes correspond to components of the pathways being investigated. (E) Upstream regulators, either activated (positive Z-score) or inhibited (negative Z-score) based on IPA. Colored bars correspond to selected upstream regulators discussed in the text.