(A) 100 G. pallida infective stage juveniles (J2s) were incubated in selected uNLPs, and subsequently challenged with an agar plate chemosensory assay (plant root exudate attractant / water control). Each assay of 100 nematode juveniles was repeated ten times. (B) Ten tomato seedlings were individually challenged with 500 G. pallida J2s incubated in selected uNLPs. Number of invading G. pallida J2s were normalised against the negative control group, and expressed as a relative percentage. (C) 100 G. pallida J2s were incubated in selected uNLPs and the frequency of stylet thrusting in response to 2 mM serotonin was counted. Data were normalised to control treated groups. Data shown represent the mean±SEM. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001; ****, P<0.0001 (One-Way ANOVA & Fisher’s LSD; Graphpad Prism 6).