Figure 1.

A simple model to decide which treatment to offer to older cancer patients. Risk or mortality without cancer is established calculated with the e‐prognosis instrument [14]; risk of chemotherapy‐related toxicity is calculated with the Chemotherapy Risk Assessment Scale for High‐Age Patients (CRASH) [21] or the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) [22] instruments; and risk of surgical complication is calculated with the Preoperative Assessment in elderly Cancer Patients (PACE) [29] instrument. No instruments are available yet to estimate the risk of radiation therapy, combined chemoradiation, or targeted and biological therapy. All instruments may be fine‐tuned when integrated with biological markers of aging and with the new definition of frailty.