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. 2017 Mar 6;27(5):729–732. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.022

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© 2017 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Skate Gills Derive from Pharyngeal Endoderm

(A and B) Microinjection of the pharyngeal cavity (pc) of skate embryos with CM-DiI at stage 18 (A) allows us to focally label cells (B) within the pharyngeal endoderm.

(C and D) CM-DiI-labeling of endodermal epithelium allows visualization of endodermal contributions to the pharyngeal arches prior to (C) and immediately following (D) the perforation of pharyngeal pouches with overlying ectoderm. Endodermally derived epithelium encircles approximately 3/4 of the circumference of the pharyngeal arches.

(E and F) By stage 27, CM-DiI-labeled external gill filaments can be observed in whole-mount (E) and in histological section (F), indicating their endodermal origin.

(G and G′) By stage 28, CM-DiI-positive internal gill filaments are also observed in histological section, indicating their endodermal origin. Image in (G′) is the same section as in (G), stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

(H–H″) Gills of a stage 28 skate embryo (dashed inset box in G and G′), showing CM-DiI-positive gill filaments. Images in (H′) and (H″) are the same section as in (H), stained with CM-DiI only (H′) and hematoxylin and eosin (H″).