Table 3.
Association of residential segregation with the Kessler 10 (log-transformed)*,† stratified by Latino ethnic subgroup, gender and generation in the USA
| Model 1: residential segregation
|
Model 4: residential segregation, ethnic density and poverty
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | p Value | β (95% CI) | p Value | p for interaction | |
| By Latino ethnic subgroup | |||||
| Dissimilarity index | |||||
| Puerto Rican | 0.46 (−0.16 to 1.07) | 0.15 | 0.40 (−0.22 to 1.02) | 0.20 | 0.32 |
| Mexican American | −0.16 (−0.68 to 0.37) | 0.56 | −0.13 (−0.67 to 0.41) | 0.64 | |
| Cuban American | 0.31 (−0.62 to 1.23) | 0.52 | 0.31 (−0.60 to 1.21) | 0.51 | |
| Other Latino ethnicity | −0.42 (−0.95 to 0.10) | 0.11 | −0.44 (−0.97 to 0.09) | 0.10 | |
| Isolation index | |||||
| Puerto Rican | 0.01 (−0.50 to 0.52) | 0.96 | −0.02 (−0.52 to 0.49) | 0.95 | 0.33 |
| Mexican American | −0.01 (−0.23 to 0.20) | 0.92 | −0.06 (−0.29 to 0.18) | 0.64 | |
| Cuban American | 0.15 (−0.25 to 0.55) | 0.46 | 0.11 (−0.30 to 0.53) | 0.59 | |
| Other Latino ethnicity | −0.32 (−0.65 to 0.01) | 0.055 | −0.36 (−0.68 to −0.04) | 0.028 | |
| By gender | |||||
| Dissimilarity index | |||||
| Women | −0.23 (−0.47 to 0.02) | 0.068 | −0.20 (−0.45 to 0.04) | 0.099 | 0.019 |
| Men | −0.58 (−1.06 to −0.10) | 0.017 | −0.56 (−1.04 to −0.08) | 0.022 | |
| Isolation index | |||||
| Women | −0.19 (−0.31 to −0.06) | 0.003 | −0.21 −0.35 to (−0.06) | 0.007 | 0.098 |
| Men | −0.32 (−0.58 to −0.06) | 0.017 | −0.34 (−0.62 to −0.06) | 0.018 | |
| By generation | |||||
| Dissimilarity index | |||||
| First generation | −0.08 (−0.49 to 0.32) | 0.68 | −0.07 (−0.50 to 0.36) | 0.76 | 0.41 |
| Second generation | −0.38 (−0.92 to 0.15) | 0.16 | −0.35 (−0.89 to 0.19) | 0.20 | |
| Third generation | 0.19 (−0.27 to 0.65) | 0.42 | 0.21 (−0.22 to 0.65) | 0.34 | |
| Isolation index | |||||
| First generation | −0.17 (−0.33 to −0.001) | 0.048 | −0.19 (−0.36 to −0.03) | 0.02 | 0.47 |
| Second generation | −0.22 (−0.47 to 0.03) | 0.087 | −0.24 (−0.50 to 0.03) | 0.082 | |
| Third generation | 0.02 (−0.20 to 0.24) | 0.86 | −0.01 (−0.23 to 0.22) | 0.96 | |
*
All models adjusted for age (18–34, 35–49, 50–64, 65+ years), sex, marital status (married, never married, widowed/separated/divorced), education (<12, 12, 13–16, 17+ years) and household poverty (<100% poverty limit, ≥100% poverty limit).
†
Multilevel random-effects models included random effects for metropolitan statistical areas and census tracts.