Table 1.

Injuries classified into five classes with corresponding suggested treatment

Atzei classification [27]
Class	Injury	Treatment
0	Isolated ulnar styloid fracture without TFCC injury	Splinting, fragment removal in refractory cases
1	Isolated, peripheral tears of the distal hammock without DRUJ instability	TFCC suture
2	Complete tear of the proximal or deep fibers from the fovea resulting in positive hook test indicating loosening of the TFCC	TFCC foveal refixation
3	Complete tear of the proximal superficial and deep fibers resulting in positive hook test indicating loosening of the TFCC	TFCC foveal refixation
4	Non-repairable TFCC tear due to size of tear or tissue quality	Tendon graft reconstruction
5	TFCC tear in the setting of DRUJ arthritis	Arthroplasty