Table 1.

Bacteria tested in clinical trials as oral care probiotics.

Strain	Origin	Brand	Disease	Reference1
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	Human intestinal tract		Caries	Aminabadi et al., 2011
Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB21	Human intestinal tract		Caries	Stecksén-Blicks et al., 2009
Lactobacillus reuteri 55730 + PTA 5289	Woman breast milk	ProdentisTM	Ginvival health, plaque reduction and caries	Krasse et al., 2006; Caglar et al., 2008a
Lactobacillus brevis CD2	Dairy products	Inersan®	Periodontal disease and caries	Riccia et al., 2007; Campus et al., 2014
Lactobacillus paracasei SD1	Human oral cavity		Caries	Ritthagol et al., 2014
Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010	Dairy products	ACTIVIA®	Caries	Caglar et al., 2005
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12®	Dairy cultures	BB-12®	Caries	Caglar et al., 2008b
Streptococcus salivarius M18	Saliva of a healthy child	BLIS M18®	Plaque reduction	Burton et al., 2013
Lactobacillus salivarius WB21	Mammalian digestive tract		Gingival health, periodontal disease, halitosis and caries	Shimauchi et al., 2008; Mayanagi et al., 2009; Iwamoto et al., 2010; Suzuki et al., 2014
Streptococcus oralis KJ3®, Streptococcus uberis KJ2® and Streptococcus rattus JH145®	Healthy mouths	ProBiora(3)®	Caries, periodontal disease and halitosis	Zahradnik et al., 2009
Weissella cibaria CMU, CMS-1, CMS-2 and CMS-3	Children’s saliva		Halitosis and plaque reduction	Kang et al., 2006a,b
Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 + PTA 5289	Human saliva	BioGaia ProDentis	Halitosis	Keller et al., 2012
Lactobacillus plantarum 7481 and Lactobacillus brevis 7480	Children’s saliva	AB:Dentis®	Halitosis and gingivitis	WO 2012022773 A1∗
Streptococcus salivarius K12	Children’s saliva	BLIS K12®	Halitosis	Burton et al., 2006
Lactobacillus acidophilus NK1 + 100ash + K3III24	Human intestinal tract	Acilact (solely Russia)	Periodontal disease	Pozharitskaia et al., 1994
Bifidobacterium bifidum N1 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NK1	Human intestinal tract	Bifidumbacterin + Acilact (solely Russia)	Periodontal disease	Grudianov et al., 2002
Lactobacillus casei 37	Human intestinal tract		Periodontal disease	Volozhin et al., 2004
Lactobacillus paracasei GMNL-33 (ADP-1)	Human oral cavity	Dental-LacTM	Periodontal disease	Chuang et al., 2011
Lactobacillus salivarius TI 2711 (LS 1)	Human saliva		Periodontal disease	Matsuoka et al., 2006
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (53103) + LC705	Human intestinal tract		Oral candidasis	Hatakka et al., 2007

¹Reference = Publication with results of clinical trial; ^∗Patent number.