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. 2017 Feb 13;24(2):249–259. doi: 10.1007/s12529-017-9641-8

Table 3.

Differences in clinical characteristics between patients fulfilling criteria for PTSD (group 1), trauma-exposed patients not fulfilling criteria for PTSD (group 2), and non-trauma exposed patients (group 3)

Variable F M (sd) Mean differences
Group 1 (n = 127) Group 2 (n = 188) Group 3 (n = 124) 1 vs 2 1 vs 3 2 vs 3
Pain duration .22 7.24 (7.32) 7.74 (7.32) 7.78 (7.50) −.50 −.54 −.04
Number of pain sites 3.61* 15.93 (9.14) 15.24 (9.02) 13.08 (8.28) .68 2.85* 2.16
Pain intensity 3.59* 7.67 (1.56) 7.24 (1.54) 7.56 (1.39) .43* .11 −.33
Pain interference 9.19** 5.00 (.88) 4.59 (.91) 4.59 (.94) .41** .41** −.00
Life control 12.61** 1.89 (1.05) 2.47 (1.14) 2.47 (1.05) −.58** −.57** .01
Physical functioning 4.73** 42.53 (24.03) 50.20 (21.25) 48.71 (21.88) −7.67** −6.17 1.50
General health 3.82* 32.62 (17.18) 37.60 (18.95) 38.42 (18.92) −4.99 −5.80* −.82
Anxiety 33.49** 13.46 (4.38) 9.66 (4.52) 9.40 (4.71) 3.80** 4.06** .26
Depression 17.75** 11.81 (4.40) 9.14 (4.43) 8.92 (4.40) 2.67** 2.89** .22
Kinesiophobia 13.32** 46.16 (9.21) 41.08 (9.02) 41.55 (8.92) 5.08** 4.61** −.47

Notes: All alpha levels were adjusted using the Bonferroni correction. Degrees of freedom were df1 = 2 and df2 = 436. Pain duration was measured in years. Pain intensity was assessed with the Numerical Rating Scale, pain interference and life control with the Multidimensional Pain Inventory, physical functioning and general health with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, anxiety and depression with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and kinesiophobia with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia

*p < .05; **p < .01