Table 3.
Variable | F | M (sd) | Mean differences | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 (n = 127) | Group 2 (n = 188) | Group 3 (n = 124) | 1 vs 2 | 1 vs 3 | 2 vs 3 | ||
Pain duration | .22 | 7.24 (7.32) | 7.74 (7.32) | 7.78 (7.50) | −.50 | −.54 | −.04 |
Number of pain sites | 3.61* | 15.93 (9.14) | 15.24 (9.02) | 13.08 (8.28) | .68 | 2.85* | 2.16 |
Pain intensity | 3.59* | 7.67 (1.56) | 7.24 (1.54) | 7.56 (1.39) | .43* | .11 | −.33 |
Pain interference | 9.19** | 5.00 (.88) | 4.59 (.91) | 4.59 (.94) | .41** | .41** | −.00 |
Life control | 12.61** | 1.89 (1.05) | 2.47 (1.14) | 2.47 (1.05) | −.58** | −.57** | .01 |
Physical functioning | 4.73** | 42.53 (24.03) | 50.20 (21.25) | 48.71 (21.88) | −7.67** | −6.17 | 1.50 |
General health | 3.82* | 32.62 (17.18) | 37.60 (18.95) | 38.42 (18.92) | −4.99 | −5.80* | −.82 |
Anxiety | 33.49** | 13.46 (4.38) | 9.66 (4.52) | 9.40 (4.71) | 3.80** | 4.06** | .26 |
Depression | 17.75** | 11.81 (4.40) | 9.14 (4.43) | 8.92 (4.40) | 2.67** | 2.89** | .22 |
Kinesiophobia | 13.32** | 46.16 (9.21) | 41.08 (9.02) | 41.55 (8.92) | 5.08** | 4.61** | −.47 |
Notes: All alpha levels were adjusted using the Bonferroni correction. Degrees of freedom were df1 = 2 and df2 = 436. Pain duration was measured in years. Pain intensity was assessed with the Numerical Rating Scale, pain interference and life control with the Multidimensional Pain Inventory, physical functioning and general health with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, anxiety and depression with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and kinesiophobia with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia
*p < .05; **p < .01