Fig. 10.

BA upregulates ATF6-inducible genes BiP, GRP94, calreticulin, and XBP1. Ten micromoles of BA induced expression of a GRP78 (BiP) at 0.5 h (p < 0.001, n = 4). GRP78 returned to control levels for several hours and then dropped to lower levels at 8 h (p < 0.001, n = 4), 12 h (p < 0.001, n = 4), and 24 h (p < 0.001, n = 4), suggesting that the cells adapted to higher concentrations of BA. b GRP94 was unchanged by treatment. c Calreticulin was higher at 4 h (p < 0.001, n = 5) and 8 h (p = 0.003, n = 4). d XBP1 was higher at 24 h of treatment (p < 0.001, n = 4). As a positive control, 1 μM thapsigargin (Tg) upregulated expression of all genes compared to DMSO vehicle (DM) (p < 0.05, n = 4). The gel shown is a representative replicate. A description of the statistical analysis is given in the legend of Fig. 2