Table 1.
The baseline characteristics of the patients
| Operative period characteristics | All (n = 125) | Early period (1987–1997, n = 54) | Late period (1998–2006 n = 71) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58.0 ± 12.0 | 53.4 ± 11.7 | 61.5 ± 11.1 | <0.001 |
| Age > 50 years | 103 (82.4 %) | 40 (74.1 %) | 63 (88.7 %) | 0.06 |
| Male sex | 54 (43.2 %) | 25 (46.3 %) | 29 (40.8 %) | 0.59 |
| BSA (m2) | 1.53 ± 0.17 | 1.50 ± 0.15 | 1.55 ± 0.17 | 0.15 |
| BSA ≥1.50 m2 | 61 (48.8 %) | 19 (35.2 %) | 42 (59.2 %) | 0.008 |
| Rheumatic disease | 69 (55.2 %) | 39 (72.2 %) | 30 (42.3 %) | 0.001 |
| Mitral stenosis dominant | 56 (44.8 %) | 34 (63.0 %) | 22 (31.0 %) | 0.001 |
| Acute onset of MV disease (<1 month) | 10 (8.0 %) | 3 (5.6 %) | 7 (9.9 %) | 0.512 |
| Concomitant aortic valve surgery | 44 (35.2 %) | 19 (35.2 %) | 25 (35.2 %) | 1.0 |
| Redo surgery | 20 (16.0 %) | 11 (20.4 %) | 9 (12.7 %) | 0.25 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 63 (50.4 %) | 36 (66.7 %) | 27 (38.0 %) | 0.002 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 70 (56.0 %) | 38 (70.4 %) | 32 (45.1 %) | 0.005 |
| MV repair | 11 (8.8 %) | 1 (1.9 %) | 10 (14.1 %) | 0.02 |
| Maze procedure | 6 (4.8 %) | 1 (1.9 %) | 5 (7.0 %) | 0.23 |
| Preoperative TR 0:1+:2+ | 5:82:38 | 4:37:13 | 1:45:25 | 0.13 |
| TAD (mm) | 36.5 ± 5.2 | 36.0 ± 6.1 | 36.9 ± 4.3 | 0.34 |
| TAD ≥35 mm | 89 (71.2 %) | 32 (59.3 %) | 57 (80.3 %) | 0.01 |
| Indexed TAD (mm/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.8 | 24.1 ± 4.5 | 24.1 ± 3.2 | 0.91 |
| Indexed TAD ≥21 mm/m2 | 95 (76.0 %) | 36 (66.7 %) | 59 (83.1 %) | 0.03 |
| LAD (mm) | 55.7 ± 10.4 | 57.0 ± 10.0 | 54.6 ± 10.6 | 0.21 |
| LAD ≥60 mm | 45 (36.0 %) | 22 (40.7 %) | 23 (32.4 %) | 0.34 |
| Indexed LAD (mm/m2) | 36.8 ± 7.7 | 38.3 ± 7.8 | 35.7 ± 7.5 | 0.06 |
| Indexed LAD ≥35 mm/m2 | 72 (57.6 %) | 36 (66.7 %) | 36 (50.7 %) | 0.07 |
| LVDd (mm) | 55.1 ± 9.1 | 54.0 ± 10.3 | 56.0 ± 8.1 | 0.23 |
| LVDd ≥55 mm | 62 (49.6 %) | 24 (44.4 %) | 38 (49.6 %) | 0.32 |
| Indexed LVDd (mm/m2) | 36.3 ± 6.1 | 36.1 ± 7.0 | 36.4 ± 5.3 | 0.79 |
| Indexed LVDd ≥35 mm/m2 | 63 (50.4 %) | 25 (46.3 %) | 38 (53.5 %) | 0.42 |
| LVDs (mm) | 36.2 ± 7.3 | 36.2 ± 7.9 | 36.3 ± 6.9 | 0.93 |
| LVDs ≥40 mm | 39 (31.2 %) | 20 (37.0 %) | 19 (26.8 %) | 0.22 |
| Indexed LVDs (mm/m2) | 23.9 ± 5.0 | 24.2 ± 5.2 | 23.7 ± 4.9 | 0.60 |
| Indexed LVDs ≥25 mm/m2 | 44 (35.2 %) | 23 (42.6 %) | 21 (29.6 %) | 0.13 |
| LVEF | 0.66 ± 0.08 | 0.66 ± 0.08 | 0.66 ± 0.09 | 0.91 |
| LVEF <0.65 | 50 (40.0 %) | 24 (44.4 %) | 26 (36.6 %) | 0.376 |
| Tricuspid valve repair | 52 (41.6 %) | 0 (0 %) | 52 (73.2 %) | <0.001 |
| Follow-up period (years) | 12.2 ± 6.0 | 16.0 ± 6.7 | 9.5 ± 3.3 | <0.001 |
The data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation or number (frequency)
BSA body surface area, MV mitral valve, TR tricuspid regurgitation, LAD left atrial dimension, LVDd left ventricular diastolic dimension, LVDs left ventricular systolic dimension, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, TAD tricuspid annular diameter