Table 2.

The univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for severe TR after mitral valve surgery in the early-period patients (1987–1997)

Factors	Number (frequency, %)	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		HR (95 % CI)a	P valuec	Adjusted HR (95 % CI)a	Adjusted P value
Age >50 years	40 (74.1)	4.28 (0.99–8.5)	0.034
Male sex	25 (46.3)	0.71 (0.29–1.75)	0.457
BSA ≥1.50 m2	19 (35.2)	0.50 (0.18–1.39)	0.175
Rheumatic disease	39 (72.2)	2.15 (0.63–7.37)	0.210
Mitral stenosis dominant	34 (63.0)	2.27 (0.65–6.79)	0.133
Acute onset of MV disease (<1 month)	3 (5.6)	NEb	0.263
Concomitant aortic valve surgery	19 (35.2)	1.72 (0.69–4.26)	0.236
Redo surgery	11 (20.4)	0.89 (0.30–2.68)	0.841
Pulmonary hypertension	36 (66.7)	1.42 (0.54–3.73)	0.469
Atrial fibrillation	38 (70.4)	4.91 (1.14–21.21)	0.018	3.97 (0.90–17.5)	0.068
MV repair	1 (1.9)	NEb	0.495
Maze procedure	1 (1.9)	NEb	0.495
Moderate (2+) TR	13 (24.1)	3.89 (1.54–9.84)	0.002	3.08 (1.21–7.82)	0.018
TAD ≥35 mm	32 (59.3)	1.39 (0.57–3.42)	0.470
Indexed TAD ≥21 mm/m2	36 (66.7)	1.48 (0.57–3.86)	0.424
LAD ≥60 mm	22 (40.7)	1.66 (0.69–4.02)	0.253
Indexed LAD ≥35 mm/m2	36 (66.7)	3.87 (1.13–13.26)	0.020
LVDd ≥55 mm	24 (44.4)	0.59 (0.24–1.49)	0.262
Indexed LVDd ≥35 mm/m2	25 (46.3)	0.92 (0.38–2.23)	0.854
LVDs ≥40 mm	20 (37.0)	0.52 (0.19–1.43)	0.197
Indexed LVDs ≥25 mm/m2	23 (42.6)	1.20 (0.50–2.89)	0.691
LVEF <0.65	24 (44.4)	0.91 (0.37–2.24)	0.843

TR tricuspid regurgitation, HR hazard ratio, BSA body surface area, MV mitral valve, LAD left atrial dimension, LVDd left ventricular diastolic dimension, LVDs left ventricular systolic dimension, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, TAD tricuspid annular diameter, CI confidence interval, NE not estimable

^aThe HRs and 95 % CIs were estimated using the Cox proportional-hazards model

^bThe numbers of patients with an acute onset of MV disease (<1 month), MV repair, and the maze procedure were small. Thus, the parameters of these factors were not estimable

^cThe P values were based on the log-rank test