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. 2017 Mar 8;8:14713. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14713

Figure 4. PpCYP98 produces cutin caffeoyl units and is critical for cutin formation in P. patens.

Figure 4

(a) Toluidine blue permeability staining indicates a cuticle defect in the ΔPpCYP98 mutant gametophore. Scale bars, 0.5 mm. (b) Transmission electron micrographs of the phyllid outer cell surface showing alteration of the ΔPpCYP98 mutant cuticle layer. cut, cuticle; cw, cell wall; pm, plasma membrane. Scale bars, 0.5 μm. (c) Comparative analysis of WT and mutant cutin gametophore composition. Results are the mean+standard error from three independent biological samples for WT and three independent lines for the mutant. n.d., not detected. (d) Exogenous caffeate supply (20 μM) restores growth of the ΔPpCYP98 mutant gametophore. Scale bars, 0.2 mm. (e) Exogenous caffeate (20 μM) supply restores cuticle impermeability to toluidine blue of the mutant phyllids. Scale bar, 0.5 mm.