Table 4. Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes among women with prior caesarean section who had and did not have uterine rupture in the current pregnancy.

Outcomes	Overall		No uterine rupture		Uterine rupture		Crude OR	(95% CI)	AOR	(95% CI)
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Number of deliveries	37,366		37,196		170
Number of live births	36,697		36,611		86
Adverse maternal outcomes
Maternal near miss	339	0.9	286	0.8	53	31.2	53.37	(34.70–82.09)***	45.25	(26.45–77.42)***
Maternal mortality	43	0.1	38	0.1	5	2.9	18.67	(4.15–83.91)***	4.45	(1.15–17.26)***
Severe maternal outcomes	382	1.0	324	0.9	58	34.1	51.81	(33.23–80.78)***	40.22	(24.01–67.36)***
Perinatal adverse outcomes
Fresh stillbirth	437	1.2	364	1.0	73	42.9	91.18	(57.80–143.82) ***	59.56	(38.29–92.64)***
IHENM§	355	1.0	344	0.9	11	12.9	7.18	(3.43–15.04)***	8.95	(3.72–21.52)***
Perinatal death§	792	2.1	708	1.9	84	49.4	54.20	(35.03–83.86)***	33.34	(21.59–51.51)***

ADR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IHENM, intra-hospital early neonatal mortality; OR, odds ratio.

Maternal death: death up to the 8^th postpartum day or before hospital discharge; Severe maternal outcomes: maternal near miss and/or death; IHENM: death within 7 days after birth or before hospital discharge; Perinatal death: fresh stillbirth and intra-hospital early neonatal mortality.

Percentages in each group except IHENM: numbers of adverse outcomes divided by total deliveries in each group; Percentages in IHENM: numbers of IHENM divided by total livebirths in each group.

Women without uterine rupture served as a comparison group in the regression models. Crude odds ratios were adjusted for survey design. Multilevel logistic regression models with random effects of health facility were adjusted for maternal age, marital status, education, parity, medical conditions during pregnancy, facility capacity, and country Human Development Index level.

^§Additionally adjusted for gestational age.

^*p < 0.05 ^**p < 0.01 ^***p < 0.001.