Figure 2. Carnosine stimulates insulin secretion.

(A) Serum insulin levels (at week 24 of age) indicated hyperinsulinemia in ob/ob mice, which was further increased by more than twofold in carnosine-treated mice. (B) Glycemia correlated negatively with serum insulin levels in carnosine-administered mice. (C) C-peptide levels were significantly higher in carnosine-treated mice as compared to untreated ob/ob mice. (D) Glucagon levels were elevated in both ob/ob groups, but not affected by carnosine treatment. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared to ob/ob mice. ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 compared to wt/ob mice. Car: carnosine.