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. 2017 Mar 9;13:18. doi: 10.1186/s13002-017-0145-z

Table 2.

Medicinal plants used to prepare “horchata” and sold at 31 traditional markets in Loja province

Scientific name Vernacular name Geographic status Habit Morphological structure used Therapeutic use Conservation status Voucher number
Adoxaceae
  Sambucus nigra L. Sauco, tilo Introduced Tree Flower Antiflu, antitussive, sedative NE FT1252
Amaranthaceae
  Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume Escancel Introduced Herb Plant without root Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, diuretic, emmenagogue, restorative, stomachache NE FTMAL008
  Alternanthera porrigens (Jacq.) Kuntze Moradilla Native Shrub Branch, flower Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, restorative, tonic NE FT0010
  Amaranthus caudatus L. Amaranto, ataco, ataku morado, sangorache Native Herb Inflorescence Antiflu, anti-inflammatory, blood circulation, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, hepatic, stimulant, tonic NE FT0278
  Amaranthus hybridus L. Ataco, ataku, bledo, sangorache Native Herb Inflorescence, young leaf Antiflu, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, emmenagogue, tonic, vulnerary NE FTMAL006
  Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Chulku, escancel Native Herb Branch Analgesic, antiflu, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, hepatic, tonic NE HUTPL433
  Iresine herbstii Hook. Escancel, tigrecillo Native Herb Branch, shoot Analgesic, antiflu, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, sedative, tonic NE FT0486
Apiaceae
  Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Eneldo, hinojo Introduced Herb Leaf Analgesic, carminative, digestive, diuretic, hepatic, stomachache, tonic NE FT0025t
  Niphogeton dissecta (Benth.) J.F. Macbr.a Culantrillo Native Herb Plant without root Analgesic, carminative NE FT0024t
Asclepiadaceae
  Orthosia ellemannii (Morillo) Liede & Mevea Cola de caballo Endemic Vine Branch Anti-inflammatory, diuretic VU FT037t
Asteraceae
  Gamochaeta americana (Mill.) Wedd.a* Lechugilla, lancetilla Native Herb Plant without root Antiflu, antidiarrheal, vulnerary NE FT026t
  Matricaria recutita L. Manzanilla Introduced Herb Plant without root Analgesic, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, carminative, digestive, sedative, stomachache NE FT0014t
  Sonchus oleraceus L. Kana yuyu, cerraja Introduced Herb Plant without root Analgesic, antiflu, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, diuretic, hepatic, stomachache NE FT28t
  Tagetes filifolia Lag. Anís Native Herb Flower, leaf Anti-inflammatory, antiflu, carminative, digestive, febrifuge, sedative, stomachache, tonic NE FT0987
  Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. Diente de león Introduced Herb Whole plant Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cholagogue, depurative, digestive, diuretic, hepatic, restorative, stomachache, vulnerary NE FT0029t
Begoniaceae
  Begonia × tuberhybrida Voss Begonia Native Herb Petal Sedative, tonic NE FT1250
Boraginaceae
  Borago officinalis L. Borraja Introduced Herb Flower, leaf Analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiflu, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, emmenagogue, febrifuge NE FT011MAL
Brassicaceae
  Matthiola incana (L.) W.T. Aiton Alhelí Introduced Herb Flower Analgesic, antiflu, cardiotonic, digestive, hepatic, sedative, stomachache NE FT1250
Caryophyllaceae
  Dianthus caryophyllus L. Clavel Introduced Herb Petal Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, restorative, sedative NE FT1253
Commelinaceae
  Callisia repens (Jacq.) L. Calcha, calsi Native Herb Leaf Hypotensive NE FT51MPAT
  Tradescantia zebrina Heynh. ex Bosse Calcha Introduced Herb Leaf Analgesic, febrifuge, hypotensive NE FT30t
Equisetaceae
  Equisetum bogotense Kuntha Cola de caballo, caballo chupa Native Herb Branch Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, diuretic, febrifuge, hepatic, hypotensive NE FT031t
  Equisetum giganteum L.a Cola de caballo, chupa caballo Native Herb Plant without root Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, depurative, diuretic, hepatic NE FT1009
Fabaceae
  Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. a Tintanil Native Shrub Branch, flower Anti-inflammatory, tonic NE FT21t
Gentianaceae
  Centaurium erythraea Rafn Canchalagua Introduced Herb Whole plant Antiflu, blood circulation, hypolipemiant, tonic NE FT1016
Geraniaceae
  Erodium cf. cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton Agujilla Introduced Herb Branch Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, tonic NE FTE001MC
  Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér.ex. Aiton Esencia de rosa, malva esencia Introduced Herb Leaf Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, carminative, diuretic NE FT1258
  Pelargonium odoratissimum (L.) L´Hér. Malva olorosa Introduced Herb Branch Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, carminative, tonic NE FT016t
  Pelargonium zonale (L.) L'Hér. Geranio, geranio rojo Introduced Herb Petal Antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, diuretic, vulnerary NE FT17t
Lamiaceae
  Melissa officinalis L. Toronjil Introduced Herb Branch Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, cardiotonic, digestive, sedative NE FT45MPAT
  Mentha x piperita L. Hierba buena, menta Introduced Herb Leaf Analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiflu,, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, carminative, digestive, tonic NE FT1261
  Mentha spicata L. Hierba buena, menta, menta negra Introduced Herb Leaf Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiflu, antidiarrheal, antitussive, carminative, digestive, febrifuge, tonic LC FT1260
  Ocimum basilicum L. Albahaca, albahaca de sal, albahaca negra Introduced Herb Leaf Analgesic, antidiarrheal, antitussive, carminative, hepatic, digestive, diuretic, sedative, stomachache, tonic NE FT46TMPA
  Ocimum campechianum Mill. Albahaca, albahaca blanca, albahaca de dulce Native Herb Leaf Analgesic, blood pressure, carminative, digestive, restorative, sedative, stomachache, tonic NE FT46aMPA
Linaceae
  Linum usitatissimum L. Linaza Introduced Herb Seed Anti-inflammatory, digestive, diuretic, hepatic, stomachache NE FT47TMPA
Malvaceae
  Alcea rosea L. Malva goma, malva rosa, malvón Introduced Herb Flower Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, depurative, diuretic, tonic NE HUTPL891
  Malva arborea (L.) Webb & Berthel. Malva altea, malva blanca Introduced Shrub Flower, leaf Anti-inflammatory, depurative, tonic NE FT042MC
  Malva parviflora L. Malva alta, malva blanca Introduced Herb Flower, leaf Anti-inflammatory, depurative, hepatic, tonic NE FT015MCE
Myrtaceae
  Myrcianthes hallii (O. Berg) McVaugh Arrayán Native Tree Leaf Analgesic, antiflu, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, hepatic, restorative NE FT215G
Onagraceae
  Fuchsia harlingii Munz Pena pena, pena pena de la montaña Endemic Shrub Flower Anti-inflammatory, sedative VU HUTPL5784
  Fuchsia hybrida Hort. T. ex Siebert & Voss Pena pena grande, pena pena roja Introduced Shrub Flower Anti-inflammatory, antiflu, cardiotonic, sedative, stomachache NE FT1262
  Fuchsia loxensis Kunth Pena pena rosada Endemic Shrub Flower Cardiotonic, febrifuge, sedative LC FT1158
  Fuchsia magellanica Lam. Pena pena morada Introduced Shrub Flower Sedative NE FT0147
  Ludwigia nervosa (Poir.) H. Hara Flor de reina, mejorana de huerta Native Shrub Flower Anti-inflammatory, sedative NE FT194
  Oenothera rosea L'Her. ex Aiton Shullu Native Herb Plant without root Anti-inflammatory, digestive, diuretic, hepatic NE FT53MPAT
Orchidaceae
  Epidendrum jamiesonis Rchb. f.a Flor de Cristo, maywa Native Epiphyte Flower Anti-inflammatory, sedative, diuretic, hepatic A II FT1063
Oxalidaceae
  Oxalis corniculata L.a Chulco, chulku Native Herb Branch Antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, hepatic, restorative NE FT1022
Piperaceae
  Peperomia galioides Kunth Congona de cerro, sacha congona Native Herb Plant without root Analgesic, cardiotonic, diuretic, sedative, stomachache, tonic NE FT124SAR
  Peperomia ilaloensis Sodiro Congona de castilla, congona negra Native Herb Plant without root Analgesic, sedative NE FT01t
Peperomia inaequalifolia Ruiz & Pav. Congona, congona grande Native Herb Branch Analgesic, cardiotonic, diuretic, hepatic, sedative NE FT1197
  Piper crassinervium Kunth Waviduca de dulce Native Shrub Leaf Analgesic, antiseptic, stomachache NE FT237
Plantaginaceae
  Plantago major L. Llantén Introduced Herb Plant without root Anti-inflammatory, diuretic, hepatic, stomachache, vulnerary LC FT13t
Poaceae
  Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Hierba luisa, paja luisa Introduced Herb Leaf Analgesic, cardiotonic, digestive, diuretic, hypertensive, sedative, stomachache NE FT011t
  Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Grama dulce Introduced Herb Young branch Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, diuretic, hepatic NE FT008MCE
  Hordeum vulgare L. Cebada Introduced Herb Seed Anti-inflammatory, digestive, sedative NE MCE017
Polypodiaceae
  Niphidium crassifolium (L.) Lellingera Calawala Native Epiphyte Root Anti-inflammatory, diuretic, hepatic NE FT40T
Proteaceae
  Oreocallis grandiflora (Lam.) R. Br.a Cucharillo, gañil Native Tree Flower Anti-inflammatory, digestive, diuretic, hepatic, hypoglicemic agent, vulnerary NE FT04t
Pteridaceae
  Pityrogramma ebenea (L.) Proctora Doradilla plateada, luna plateada Native Herb Leaf Restorative, stomachache, tonic NE FT014
Rosaceae
  Alchemilla aphanoides Mutis ex L. f. Saucillo Native Herb Branch Analgesic NE FT007
  Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Teschem. Fresa salvaje Introduced Herb Leaf Depurative NE FT0019t
  Rosa cymosa Tratt. Rosa, rosa de castilla Introduced Shrub Petal Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, digestive, sedative, tonic NE FT274
  Sanguisorba minor subsp. muricata (Bonnier & Layens) Briq. Pimpinela Introduced Herb Flower, leaf Astringent, cardiotonic, depurative, hemostatic, hypoglycemic agent, hypertensive, sedative, tonic NE FT014MZ
Rutaceae
  Citrus x junos Siebold ex Tanaka Naranja agria, naranjo Introduced Tree Leaf Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, digestive, sedative, stomachache NE FT007t
Solanaceae
  Solanum americanum Mill. Hierba mora, mortiño Native Herb Leaf Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, digestive, febrifuge, sedative, stomachache NE FT36t
  Streptosolen jamesonii (Benth.) Miersa Flor de quinde, flor del sol, jaboncillo Native Shrub Flower Anti-inflammatory NE FT12t
Tiliaceae
  Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.a Abrojo, cadillo, mostrante Native Shrub Flower, leaf Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, diuretic, febrifuge NE FT39T
Verbenaceae
  Aloysia triphylla Royle Cedrón Native Shrub Flower, leaf Analgesic, antispasmodic, blood pressure, cardiotonic, carminative, digestive, hepatic, hypoglycemic agent, restorative, sedative, stomachache NE FT1265
  Phyla scaberrima (A. Juss. ex Pers.) Moldenke Buscapina, novalgina Introduced Shrub Plant without root Analgesic, carminative, digestive, stomachache NE FT1240
Violaceae
  Viola odorata L. Violeta, violeta de jardín Introduced Herb Flower Antibronquitic, antiflu,, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, depurative, digestive, hoarseness, vulnerary NE FT1266
  Viola tricolor L. Pensamiento Introduced Herb Flower Analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiflu, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, diuretic, febrifuge, hoarseness NE FT1267
Zingiberaceae
  Hedychium coronarium J. Koening Caña agria Introduced Herb Stem Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, diuretic NE FT002t

Conservation status: LC = Least concern, NE = Not evaluated, VU = Vulnerable; A II = CITES Appendix II

aWild medicinal plant species collected in nature by women