Table 4.
Means and SD (in parentheses) per group for each kinematic measure.
| Kinematic measure | ALS |
Healthy controls | Omnibus significance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild | Moderate | Severe | |||
| Tongue | |||||
| Movement range (mm) | 16.22 (± 3.91) | 12.75 (± 3.34) | 12.56 (± 4.44) | 14.18 (± 3.25) | ns |
| Maximum movement speed (mm/s) | 151.31 (± 36.03) | 114.81 (± 25.10) | 68.29 (± 25.55)*** | 121.79 (± 29.92) | *** |
| Jaw | |||||
| Movement range (mm) | 8.55 (± 2.40) | 6.73 (± 2.68) | 8.28 (± 3.99) | 7.14 (± 3.28) | ns |
| Maximum movement speed (mm/s) | 97.08 (± 30.59) | 67.27 (± 25.54) | 60.83 (± 27.77) | 86.07 (± 40.13) | ns |
| Movement duration (s) | 1.09 (± .35) | 1.14 (± .44) | 2.05 (± .68)*** | 1.18 (± .25) | *** |
Note. ALS = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ns = not significant.
***
Significantly impaired relative to healthy controls at p < .001.