Table 2.
The association between gender discrimination and drug use outcomes among women in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, 2004–2005)
| Discrimination Exposure | Illicit Drug Use (PY) | Illicit Drug Use at Least Once/Week (PY) | Drug Use Disorder (PY) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| % (SE) | AOR (95% CI) | % (SE) | AOR (95% CI) | % (SE) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Any Discriminationa | ||||||
| Yes | 10.57 (0.87) | 2.67 (2.17–3.29)* | 3.85 (0.57) | 2.82 (1.99–4.00)* | 3.65 (0.53) | 3.15 (2.16–4.61)* |
| No (Ref) | 4.43 (0.19) | REF | 1.42 (0.11) | REF | 1.23 (0.13) | REF |
| On the job | ||||||
| Yes | 8.45 (1.01) | 1.80 (1.36–2.37)* | 2.73 (0.65) | 1.68 (1.02–2.79)* | 2.82 (0.62) | 1.98 (1.21–3.21)* |
| No (Ref) | 5.01 (0.21) | REF | 1.65 (0.12) | REF | 1.48 (0.13) | REF |
| In publicb | ||||||
| Yes | 12.32 (1.48) | 2.90 (2.17–3.88)* | 4.48 (1.06) | 2.96 (1.75–5.03)* | 3.93 (0.92) | 2.91 (1.73–4.89)* |
| No (Ref) | 4.88 (0.20) | REF | 1.59 (0.12) | REF | 2.44 (0.13) | REF |
| From institutionsc | ||||||
| Yes | 14.55 (3.14) | 3.46 (1.99–6.04)* | 5.42 (0.23) | 3.52 (1.37–9.01)* | 3.31 (1.18) | 2.28 (1.05–4.95)* |
| No (Ref) | 5.04 (0.21) | REF | 1.65 (0.12) | REF | 1.51 (0.13) | REF |
| Called a sexist name | ||||||
| Yes | 12.37 (1.19) | 3.07 (2.41–3.90)* | 4.88 (0.75) | 3.49 (2.45–4.99)* | 5.01 (0.83) | 4.39 (2.88–6.71)* |
| No (Ref) | 4.64 (0.20) | REF | 1.48 (0.11) | REF | 1.24 (0.13) | REF |
Note. Excludes non-Hispanic Asian, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Other Pacific Island women. PY = Past-year AOR = adjusted odds ratio; All models adjusted for age, region, urbanicity, marital status, race/ethnicity, personal income, and education; Prevalence estimates of drug use outcomes, and their standard errors, are adjusted predicted marginal means back-transformed from the logistic model. All analyses adjusted for complex survey design.
p≤0.05
Discrimination variables were coded as 1 if the participant reported having experienced discrimination at least “sometimes” in the past 12 months, and 0 if otherwise.
Public settings include, for example, on the street, in stores, or in restaurants.
For this variable, participants are prompted to consider discrimination experiences in situations like getting admitted to a school or training program, in the criminal justice system, or in obtaining housing.