Table 4.
Characteristics of severe P. ovale disease
| Authors | Diagnostics | Parasitaemia | Body temperature (°C) | Features of severity | Treatment | Concomitant medication | Outcome | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomar et al. [61] | MIC + PCR | – | 39 | Bilirubin >50 µm/l, creatinine >265 µm/l, systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg, hemoglobinuria | Artesunate iv | Ceftriaxone iv, antipyretics | Survival without sequelae | |
| Lemmerer et al. [62] | MIC | – | 40.5 | Splenic rupture | Chloroquine, 2325 mg po over 2 days | – | Survival with sequelae | |
| Strydom et al. [36] | MIC + PCR | 1.4% | 39.5 | Bilirubin >50 µm/l, systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg | Quinine, 600 mg iv eight hourly and doxycycline 100 mg twelve hourly | Ceftriaxone | Survival without sequelae | |
| Rojo-Marcos et al. [24] | MIC + PCR (microscopy neg, PCR positive) | Nega | – | Hemoglobin <7 g/dla | – | – | Survival without sequelaea | |
| MIC + PCR (microscopy neg, PCR positive) | Nega | – | Hemoglobin <7 g/dla | – | – | Survival without sequelaea | ||
| Lau et al. [8] | MIC + PCR | 0.18% | 40.8 | Creatinine >265 µm/l, acidosis, ARDS | Chloroquine 150 mg base for 2 days, quinine for 1 day and artesunate for 7 days | Ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, vancomycin, imipenem, meropenem | Death | The first antibiotic was started on day 4 despite negative blood cultures; Enterobacter cloacae was found on day 15 (nosocomial sepsis); seizures were described on day 17; atrial fibrillation on day 22; asystole on day 32 |
| Hachimi et al. [42] | MIC | <0.2% | 39 | ARDS | Quinine | – | Death | History of tuberculosis 11 years ago |
| Lahlou et al. [41] | MIC | 0.2% | – | ARDS | Quinine | Ciprofloxacin | Death | History of treated pulmonary tuberculosis 10 years ago |
| Roze et al. [63] | MIC | 0.2% | – | ARDS | Chloroquine and quinine | – | Survival without sequelae | History of tuberous sclerosis and spontaneous pneumothorax |
| Coton et al. [64] | MIC | – | 40 | Acute pericarditis | Chloroquine 30 mg/kg over 6 days | Ketoprophen, omeprazol, aspirin | Survival without sequelae | |
| Haydoura et al. [65] | MIC | 1.1% | 40 | Oxygen saturation <92%, ARDS | Quinine iv for 7 days and doxycycline po for 7 days | Warfarin | Survival without sequelae | History of MTHFR, secondary portal vein thrombosis and severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding from hemorrhoids requiring 7 units of red blood cells |
| Cinquetti [66] | MIC + PCR | 0.001% | 39.5 | Splenic infarction | Quinine 8 mg/kg iv three times daily | – | Survival with sequelae | |
| Rojo-Marcos et al. [25] | MIC + PCR | 6000 trophozoites + gametocytes/µl | 40.5 | ARDS | Chloroquine for 3 days | – | Survival without sequelae | History of diabetes mellitus and hypertension; incomplete left bundle block in the predose ECG followed by left ventricular hypertrophy in the day 30 ECG; presence of Mansonella perstans; nosocomial Acinetobacter baumanii in broncho-alveolar aspirate |
| Rubinstein et al. [67] | MIC | 0.2% | – | Bilirubin >50 µm/l | Quinine for 7 days and doxycycline for 7 days | – | Survival without sequelae | |
| Filler et al. [68] | MIC | – | – | Hemoglobin <7 g/dl, splenic rupture, cardiac arrest | Quinine sulfate and doxycycline, followed by quinidine iv | – | Death | History notably of MS |
| Lee et al. [69] | MIC | 0.1% | 39 | Oxygen saturation <92%, pulmonary edema | Chloroquine | – | Survival without sequelae | Negative blood cultures |
| Patel [70] | MIC | – | – | Splenic rupture | Chloroquine | – | Survival with sequelae | |
| Facer et al. [9] | MIC | 1.8% | NA | Splenic rupture | NA | NA | Death | Diagnosis post mortem; absence of P. falciparum confirmed with “DNA analysis” |
| Monlun et al. [71] | MIC | – | 41 | Cardiomyopathy | Chloroquine 500 mg/day for 5 days | – | Survival without sequelae | Cardiomyopathy resolved without additional specific treatment |
| Bock [72] | MIC | – | – | Hemoglobin <7 g/dl | Mepacrine | – | Survival without sequelae | Case 2 |
| MIC | – | 40 | Cardiac arrhythmia | Mepacrine | – | Survival without sequelae | Case 15 | |
| Fairley [73] | MIC | – | 38.3 | Hemoglobinuria | Mepacrine 0.1 g three times daily for 6 days and quinine bihydrochloride 7.5 g/day iv for 5 days | Saline | Survival without sequelae |
MIC microscopy, PCR polymerase chain reaction, po per os, iv intravenous, NA not applicable, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, MTHFR methylentetrahydrofolate reductase defect, MS multiple sclerosis, – not mentioned in the original publication
aInformation provided by the author