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. 2017 Feb 2;117(3):417–430. doi: 10.1007/s00421-016-3531-7

Table 1.

Mean ± SD V̇O2 (L · min−1) values for each temperature, load, and gradien

Unloaded 1 Loaded Unloaded 2
0% 10% 0% 10% 0% 10%
20 °C 0.97 ± 0.18 1.65 ± 0.30e 1.14 ± 0.18d 1.99 ± 0.29de 0.95 ± 0.17 1.65 ± 0.28e
10 °C 1.03 ± 0.15 1.78 ± 0.28e 1.23 ± 0.21d 2.17 ± 0.30de 1.01 ± 0.13 1.78 ± 0.28e
5 °C 1.05 ± 0.19 1.70 ± 0.27e 1.24 ± 0.25d 2.09 ± 0.37de 1.10 ± 0.21 1.74 ± 0.31e
0 °C 1.05 ± 0.20 1.74 ± 0.24e 1.30 ± 0.16d 2.14 ± 0.28de 1.25 ± 0.38 1.80 ± 0.29e
−5 °C 1.24 ± 0.16abc 2.00 ± 0.32abce 1.47 ± 0.27abcd 2.34 ± 0.29abcde 1.56 ± 0.36abc 2.23 ± 0.32abce
−10 °C 1.21 ± 0.21a 1.99 ± 0.46ae 1.61 ± 0.40ad 2.35 ± 0.59ade 1.59 ± 0.42a 2.20 ± 0.62ae

aDenotes a significant difference to 20 °C responses

bDenotes a significant difference to 10 °C responses

cDenotes a significant difference to 0 °C responses

dDenotes a significant difference to unloaded responses

eDenotes a significant difference to 0% responses