Table 1.

Clinical trials using CTLA4/PD1/PDL1 inhibitors and RT for breast cancer

Agent	Conditions	Sponsor	Status	Clinicaltrials.gov ID
Radiotherapy with CTLA4 inhibitors
Tremelimumab with brain irradiation	Breast cancer with brain metastases	Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center	Phase II, recruiting	NCT02563925 [55]
Radiotherapy with PD1/PDL1 inhibitors
Pembrolizumab and 6 Gy × 5 within 5–7 days	Metastatic TNBC	Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center	Phase II, recruiting	NCT02730130 [49]
Pembrolizumab and hypofractionated RT	Metastatic breast cancer	Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania	Phase I, recruiting	NCT02303990 [56]
Pembrolizumab and 20 Gy × 1 (SABR)	Oligometastatic breast cancer	Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Australia	Phase I, recruiting	NCT02303366 [52]
Durvalumab with Tremelimumab and 8 Gy × 3 fractions vs 17 Gy × 1 fractiona	Metastatic breast cancer	Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania	Phase I, recruiting	NCT02639026 [50]
Nivolumab given after either 20 Gy × 1, low-dose doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, or no induction treatment	TNBC	The Netherlands Cancer Institute	Phase II, recruiting	NCT02499367 [51]
Pembrolizumab and SABRa	Breast cancer	University of Chicago	Phase I, recruiting	NCT02608385 [57]
Radiotherapy with miscellaneous immunotherapy
LY2157299 (TGF-β receptor type 1 kinase inhibitor) and 7.5 Gy × 3	Metastatic breast cancer	Weill Medical College	Phase II, recruiting	NCT02538471 [53]
Imiquimod and/or cyclophosphamide with 6 Gy × 5	Metastatic breast cancer	New York University School of Medicine	Phase I/II, recruiting	NCT01421017 [12]
MEDI6469 (monoclonal antibody to OX40) with RT of 15, 20, or 25 Gy to lung or liver metastases	Metastatic breast cancer to the lung and liver	Providence Portland Medical Center	Phase I/II, recruiting	NCT01862900 [54]

TNBC triple-negative breast cancer, RT radiotherapy, SABR stereotactic ablative radiotherapy

^aPart of a larger trial