Table 2.
Characteristics of Industrial Injury Hospitalizations by Expected Primary Payer
| State/Characteristic | Billed to WC versus Non‐WC | Non‐WC Payer Distribution (for Non‐WC Discharges Only) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N) | WC % of Total | Non‐WC % of Total | Non‐WC (N) | Percentage of Non‐WC Discharges Billed to Each Payer | |||||
| Medicare | Medicaid | Private Insurance | Other Coverage | Self‐Pay/No Charge | |||||
| California overall | 24,131 | 65.2 | 34.8 | 8,387 | 13.6 | 12.3 | 36.5 | 15.9 | 21.7 |
| Gender | 21,954 | 7,768 | |||||||
| Male | 18,605 | 66.1 | 33.9 | 6,313 | 8.6 | 13.3 | 35.5 | 18.3 | 24.4 |
| Female | 3,349 | 56.6 | 43.5 | 1,455 | 40.3 | 8.7 | 37.4 | 5.7 | 8.0 |
| Age | 24,131 | 8,387 | |||||||
| 16–24 | 2,981 | 71.3 | 28.8 | 857 | DS | 18.6 | 25.2 | 22.6 | 32.9 |
| 25–34 | 5,216 | 70.3 | 29.7 | 1,547 | DS | 15.2 | 27.2 | 24.5 | 32.5 |
| 35–44 | 5,307 | 66.6 | 33.4 | 1,774 | 1.9 | 15.0 | 38.1 | 19.2 | 25.8 |
| 45–54 | 5,765 | 66.5 | 33.5 | 1,932 | 3.2 | 12.1 | 48.2 | 15.2 | 21.4 |
| 55–64 | 3,169 | 65.5 | 34.5 | 1,094 | 5.7 | 8.5 | 61.1 | 11.2 | 13.5 |
| 65 and older | 1,693 | 30.1 | 69.9 | 1,183 | 81.8 | 3.6 | 12.4 | DS | 1.7 |
| Race/ethnicity | 24,131 | 8,387 | |||||||
| Non‐Latino White | 9,049 | 61.8 | 38.2 | 3,460 | 23.2 | 6.7 | 46.5 | 10.2 | 13.3 |
| Latino/Hispanic | 8,640 | 67.7 | 32.3 | 2,791 | 5.6 | 19.6 | 21.3 | 23.3 | 30.1 |
| Black/African‐American | 598 | 57.5 | 42.5 | 254 | 12.6 | 10.6 | 38.2 | 18.5 | 20.1 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 645 | 53.3 | 46.7 | 301 | 20.3 | 14.6 | 34.6 | 13.3 | 17.3 |
| Other/multiple | 419 | 65.9 | 34.1 | 143 | 14.0 | 17.5 | 35.0 | 13.3 | 20.3 |
| Unknown/missing | 4,780 | 69.9 | 30.1 | 1,438 | 4.5 | 10.8 | 42.0 | 15.7 | 27.1 |
| Injury severity | 23,974 | 8,338 | |||||||
| Minor (AIS 1–2) | 17,767 | 66.9 | 33.2 | 5,889 | 8.8 | 12.3 | 37.2 | 17.6 | 24.2 |
| Severe (AIS 3–6) | 6,207 | 60.5 | 39.5 | 2,449 | 25.3 | 12.2 | 34.7 | 11.9 | 15.9 |
| Colorado overall | 5,793 | 67.1 | 32.9 | 1,905 | 8.4 | 1.8 | 41.6 | 6.8 | 41.4 |
| Gender | 5,793 | 1,905 | |||||||
| Male | 5,072 | 67.7 | 32.3 | 1,637 | 4.7 | 1.9 | 40.5 | 7.4 | 45.5 |
| Female | 721 | 62.8 | 37.2 | 268 | 31.0 | DS | 48.1 | DS | 16.4 |
| Age | 5,793 | 1,905 | |||||||
| 16–24 | 854 | 74.1 | 25.9 | 221 | DS | DS | 25.3 | 7.2 | 64.7 |
| 25–34 | 1,386 | 70.6 | 29.4 | 407 | DS | DS | 31.5 | 7.9 | 58.7 |
| 35–44 | 1,430 | 66.6 | 33.4 | 478 | DS | 2.3 | 41.8 | 8.6 | 46.9 |
| 45–54 | 1,157 | 66.8 | 33.2 | 384 | DS | DS | 56.8 | 6.5 | 34.6 |
| 55–64 | 635 | 67.1 | 32.9 | 209 | 5.3 | DS | 64.1 | 7.2 | 20.6 |
| 65 and older | 331 | 37.8 | 62.2 | 206 | 69.4 | DS | 27.2 | DS | DS |
| Race/ethnicity | 5,793 | 1,905 | |||||||
| Non‐Latino White | 2,959 | 65.2 | 34.8 | 1,031 | 11.6 | 1.7 | 47.8 | 7.7 | 31.2 |
| Latino/Hispanic | 1,371 | 70.4 | 29.6 | 406 | DS | DS | 20.4 | 7.4 | 67.7 |
| Black/African‐American | 91 | 62.6 | 37.4 | 34 | DS | DS | DS | DS | 44.1 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 33 | 60.6 | 39.4 | 13 | DS | DS | DS | DS | DS |
| Other/multiple | 132 | 70.5 | 29.6 | 39 | DS | DS | 28.2 | DS | 59.0 |
| Unknown/missing | 1,207 | 68.4 | 31.7 | 382 | 5.5 | DS | 50.0 | 3.7 | 39.5 |
| Injury severity | 5,739 | 1,897 | |||||||
| Minor (AIS 1–2) | 4,084 | 68.8 | 31.2 | 1,275 | 6.1 | 0.9 | 41.5 | 7.1 | 44.3 |
| Severe (AIS 3–6) | 1,655 | 62.4 | 37.6 | 622 | 13.2 | 3.5 | 41.6 | 6.1 | 35.5 |
| New York overall | 19,894 | 64.2 | 35.8 | 7,126 | 10.2 | 15.3 | 37.3 | 2.4 | 34.8 |
| Gender | 19,891 | 7,125 | |||||||
| Male | 17,457 | 65.0 | 35.0 | 6,104 | 5.1 | 16.2 | 37.7 | 2.4 | 38.6 |
| Female | 2,434 | 58.1 | 42.0 | 1,021 | 40.7 | 10.2 | 34.9 | 2.2 | 12.1 |
| Age | 19,894 | 7,126 | |||||||
| 16–24 | 2,259 | 62.2 | 37.8 | 854 | DS | 20.1 | 26.4 | 3.8 | 49.7 |
| 25–34 | 4,360 | 66.7 | 33.3 | 1,450 | DS | 18.1 | 29.3 | 3.0 | 49.3 |
| 35–44 | 5,187 | 66.7 | 33.3 | 1,726 | 1.4 | 17.5 | 38.4 | 1.8 | 40.9 |
| 45–54 | 4,372 | 66.4 | 33.7 | 1,471 | 2.2 | 16.1 | 49.3 | 2.5 | 30.0 |
| 55–64 | 2,449 | 66.2 | 33.9 | 829 | 4.7 | 12.6 | 60.0 | 2.3 | 20.5 |
| 65 and older | 1,267 | 37.2 | 62.8 | 796 | 78.6 | 1.9 | 15.2 | DS | 3.3 |
| Race/ethnicity | 19,894 | 7,126 | |||||||
| Non‐Latino White | 10,942 | 67.4 | 32.6 | 3,563 | 15.7 | 8.5 | 49.4 | 2.3 | 24.1 |
| Latino/Hispanic | 3,301 | 61.6 | 38.4 | 1,268 | 2.8 | 26.3 | 21.3 | 3.1 | 46.5 |
| Black/African‐American | 1,979 | 60.4 | 39.6 | 783 | 5.8 | 20.4 | 32.4 | 2.3 | 39.1 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 537 | 52.5 | 47.5 | 255 | 5.9 | 26.3 | 24.3 | DS | 42.0 |
| Other/multiple | 2,497 | 59.8 | 40.2 | 1,003 | 4.0 | 19.7 | 23.3 | 1.1 | 51.8 |
| Unknown/missing | 638 | 60.2 | 39.8 | 254 | 12.6 | 11.4 | 29.5 | 6.3 | 40.2 |
| Injury severity | 19,767 | 7,085 | |||||||
| Minor (AIS 1–2) | 15,903 | 64.8 | 35.2 | 5,594 | 6.7 | 16.2 | 37.8 | 2.4 | 37.0 |
| Severe (AIS 3–6) | 3,864 | 61.4 | 38.6 | 1,491 | 23.8 | 12.1 | 35.3 | 2.2 | 26.6 |
Chi‐squared tests of independence were used to test associations between characteristics and payer distribution; all associations presented in this table were statistically significant, with p ≤ .01.
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; DS, data suppressed due to small cell size (fewer than 11 discharges); WC, workers' compensation.