Table 1.
Characteristics of 20% Medicare Fee‐for‐Service Beneficiaries between 2001 and 2011
| 2001 | 2011 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 5,119,983 | 5,131,140 | |
| Mean age | 75.5 | 75.5 | |
| Average median household incomea | $44,646 | $56,502 | |
| Age 65–69 | 1,283,738 (25.1) | 1,462,388 (28.5) | |
| Age 70–74, N (%) | 1,277,848 (25.0) | 1,177,210 (22.9) | |
| Age 75–79, N (%) | 1,118,464 (21.8) | 941,407 (18.3) | |
| Age 80–84, N (%) | 770,480 (15.0) | 769,516 (15.0) | |
| Age 85–99, N (%) | 669,453 (13.1) | 780,619 (15.2) | |
| Female, N (%) | 3,050,800 (59.6) | 2,939,226 (57.3) | |
| Black, N (%) | 391,185 (7.6) | 389,179 (7.6) | |
| Chronic conditionsb, N (%) | 1,816,853 (35.5) | 1,958,146 (38.2) | |
| Multiple chronic conditionsb, N (%) | 527,212 (10.3) | 628,154 (12.2) | |
| Residing in urban areasc, N (%) | 3,674,569 (71.8) | 3,760,719 (73.3) | |
| Outcomes | Difference per 100,000 | ||
| Mortality per 100,000 beneficiaries | 5,609.9 | 5,115.6 | −494.3 |
| Hospitalizations for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions per 100,000 beneficiaries | 8,280.4 | 6,852.8 | −1,427.6 |
| Total emergency department visits per 100,000 beneficiaries | 38,411.2 | 54,275.4 | 15,864.2 |
All comparisons were statistically significant at p < .05.
a
2000 and 2009 estimates from the Primary Care Service Project.
b
Modified nine Iezzoni chronic conditions: cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, dementia, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, renal failure, severe liver disease, and coronary artery disease.
c
Urban or suburban Rural Urban Community Areas.