Table 1.
Baseline Sample Characteristics (Mean and SD or Percentage) by Arms
| “0‐1” Arm (n = 1,479)a | “0‐0” Arm (n = 3,365)b | “1‐0” Arm (n = 1,330)a | “1‐1” Arm (n = 2,979)b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | PS‐Weighted | Unadjusted | PS‐Weighted | |||
| Age | 7.7 (4.9) | 7.6 (4.9) | 7.8 (5.0) | 7.2 (4.9) | 7.3 (5.0) | 7.3 (5.1) |
| Sex: female | 47.9 | 49.7 | 47.2 | 48.9 | 48.5 | 49.7 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Hispanic | 15.3 | 24.6*** | 17.2 | 16.4 | 13.4** | 17.9 |
| Non‐Hispanic black | 15.4 | 14.1*** | 15.5 | 12.1 | 12.2** | 12.3 |
| Non‐Hispanic Asian | 1.9 | 4.1*** | 2.1 | 4.9 | 3.4** | 4.8 |
| Non‐Hispanic other | 67.4 | 57.2*** | 65.2 | 66.6 | 71.0** | 65.0 |
| Poverty level | ||||||
| Poor | 19.6 | 23.1*** | 19.5 | 16.4 | 13.0* | 17.0 |
| Near poor | 5.6 | 6.6*** | 5.9 | 5.5 | 4.3* | 5.8 |
| Low income | 13.8 | 16.6*** | 14.9 | 11.9 | 13.1* | 13.1 |
| Middle income | 32.1 | 30.9*** | 31.6 | 32.8 | 33.8* | 33.2 |
| High income | 29.0 | 22.7*** | 28.1 | 33.4 | 35.9* | 31.0 |
| Residence: urban | 85.6 | 83.1 | 85.1 | 83.2 | 89.6*** | 84.3 |
| Insurance status | ||||||
| Private | 60.9 | 49.3*** | 59.6 | 66.9 | 71.9*** | 64.1 |
| Medicare/Medicaid | 30.8 | 38.7*** | 31.6 | 25.9 | 21.4*** | 28.8 |
| Uninsured | 5.6 | 6.2*** | 5.2 | 5.8 | 4.2*** | 5.6 |
| Unknown | 2.7 | 5.8*** | 3.6 | 1.5 | 2.4*** | 1.6 |
| Special health care need | ||||||
| Yes | 33.4 | 31.1 | 31.6 | 25.6 | 25.5 | 25.7 |
| No | 65.4 | 68.2 | 67.3 | 73.7 | 73.9 | 73.4 |
| Unknown | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
| Perceived health | ||||||
| Excellent | 49.6 | 43.3** | 51.0 | 50.5 | 57.8*** | 51.4 |
| Very good | 29.8 | 31.7** | 28.9 | 29.4 | 28.3*** | 30.4 |
| Good | 16.8 | 19.6** | 16.4 | 16.9 | 12.0*** | 15.3 |
| Fair | 3.4 | 4.4** | 3.2 | 3.0 | 1.7*** | 2.7 |
| Poor | 0.5 | 1.0** | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2*** | 0.2 |
| Perceived mental health | ||||||
| Excellent | 56.8 | 50.5* | 58.6 | 57.5 | 63.8*** | 57.8 |
| Very good | 25.1 | 28.4* | 24.6 | 25.4 | 23.9*** | 25.2 |
| Good | 13.9 | 17.2* | 13.8 | 13.8 | 11.0*** | 13.8 |
| Fair | 3.1 | 3.2* | 2.5 | 2.7 | 1.1*** | 2.9 |
| Poor | 1.0 | 0.8* | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3*** | 0.4 |
a
In estimating the average effect of the treated, the propensity score weighting does not change the sample mean of the treatment arm.
b
The unadjusted column is the regular sample means or proportions of survey data, and the PS‐weighted column is weighted mean or proportion where each subject is weighted by propensity score/(1 − propensity score). Differences between the control and treatment arms are tested by design‐based t‐tests for means and chi‐square tests for categorical variables.
Significance levels are denoted by ***p < .001, **p < .01, and *p < .05.