Table 3.
ATGT Estimates and Standard Errors (Comparisons between the “0‐0” and “0‐1” Arms)
| Outcomes | Estimation Methods | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPW | DR | OLS | GLM | |
| Utilization | ||||
| No. of doctor visits | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.3) | −0.1 (0.3) |
| No. of ER visits (per 100 children) | 1.0 (2.4) | −0.2 (2.4) | 0.3 (3.0) | 0.4 (3.3) |
| No. of hospital discharges (per 100 children) | −1.0 (1.0) | −0.5 (0.8) | 0.0 (1.1) | −0.2 (1.3) |
| Expenditures | ||||
| Total | 262 (234) | 314 (233) | 303 (292) | −185 (151) |
| ER | 54 (28) | 41 (27) | 52 (29) | 9 (13) |
| Inpatient | −90 (191) | −18 (190) | 75 (218) | 8 (30) |
| Doctor visits | 3 (57) | 23 (56) | −53 (67) | −20 (50) |
| Ratings of health care quality | 0.32 (0.05)† | 0.34 (0.05)† | 0.33 (0.06)† | 0.41 (0.06)† |
p‐values were adjusted using the Benjamini–Hochberg step‐up procedure to account for multiple comparison. The false discovery rate level was controlled at 0.05.
DR, doubly robust method; GLM, generalized linear models fitted by generalized estimation equation; IPW, inverse propensity score weighting method; OLS, classic ordinary least squares regression and robust standard error.
Significant results are denoted by † after multiple‐comparison adjustment.