Table 2. Correlations between DDR2 expression and other important clinicopathological parameters in urothelial carcinomas.

Parameter	Category	Upper Carcinoma	Urinary	Tract	Urothelial	Urinary	Bladder	Urothelial	Carcinoma
		Case No.	DDR2 Expression		p-value	Case No.	DDR2 Expression		p-value
			Low	High			Low	High
Gender	Male	158	81	77	0.664	216	110	106	0.667
	Female	182	89	93		79	38	41
Age (years)	< 65	138	67	71	0.659	121	63	58	0.587
	≥ 65	202	103	99		174	85	89
Tumor location	Renal pelvis	141	63	78	0.250	−	−	−	−
	Ureter	150	80	70		−	−	−	−
	Renal pelvis & ureter	49	27	22		−	−	−	−
Multifocality	Single	278	137	141	0.574	−	−	−	−
	Multifocal	62	33	29		−	−	−	−
Primary tumor (T)	Ta	89	60	29	< 0.001*	84	63	21	< 0.001*
	T1	92	58	34		88	43	45
	T2-T4	159	52	107		123	42	81
Nodal metastasis	Negative (N0)	312	161	151	0.049*	266	136	130	0.319
	Positive (N1-N2)	28	9	19		29	12	17
Histological grade	Low grade	56	35	21	0.041*	56	44	12	< 0.001*
	High grade	284	135	149		239	104	135
Pattern of Invasion	Nodular	200	124	76	< 0.001*	137	87	50	< 0.001*
	Trabecular	58	21	37		82	37	45
	Infiltrative	82	25	57		76	24	52
Vascular invasion	Absent	234	142	92	< 0.001*	246	135	111	< 0.001*
	Present	106	28	78		49	13	36
Perineural invasion	Absent	321	166	155	0.009*	275	142	133	0.062
	Present	19	4	15		20	6	14
Mitotic rate (per 10 high power fields)	< 10	173	96	77	0.039*	139	92	47	< 0.001*
	>= 10	167	74	93		156	56	100

^*Statistically significant.