Table 3.

Barriers for patient reporting of ADRs

Author (year), country	Poor awareness	Confusion as to who reports ADRs, and to whom	Difficulty with ADR reporting procedures and forms	ADRs resolved	Lack of feedback on submitted ADR	Mailing cost	Prior negative experience
Aljadhey and Albogami (2013) 12 , Saudi Arabia	87%		80%
Arnott et al. (2013) 20 , UK	√	√			√
Avery et al. (2011) 13 , UK	74%	√	15.9%	√	√
Braun et al. (2010) 21 , Australia	√	√		√
Bukirwa et al. (2008) 22 , Uganda				√		√	√
Elkalmi et al. (2013) 14 , Malaysia	65.6%
Gujral and Cairns (2010) 32 UK	√	√
Jha et al. (2014) 23 Nepal	√	√	√			√
Krska et al. (2011) 15 UK	93.8%
Lebanova et al. (2014) 16 , Bulgaria	78.7%	√
Lorimer et al. (2012) 19 UK	√	√	√	√
Matos et al. (2014) 17 , Portugal	44%	√
Parrella et al. (2014) 33 Australia	√
Robertson and Newby (2013) 18 , Australia	89.7%			√
Salvo et al. (2013) 35 , Italy	√
Total	14	8	4	5	2	2	1

ADR, adverse drug reaction