Table 4.

Disease-Related and Psychosocial Factors Associated with HRH in Adolescents with Cancer

Disease-related factors	r with HRH	p
Months since diagnosis	0.00	0.98
Number of days inpatient	0.00	0.99
Pain severity (past 4 weeks)	0.52	<0.001
Pain frequency (past 4 weeks)	0.49	<0.001
Current pain	0.38	<0.001
Pain HRQOLa	−0.42	<0.001
Fatigue HRQOLa	−0.49	<0.001
Nausea HRQOLa	−0.31	0.002
Cognitive problems HRQOLa	−0.20	0.04

	Mean comparisons M (SD)
Relapsed	t = 0.09	0.93
No (n = 73)	2.77 (1.53)
Yes (n = 28)	2.74 (1.33)
Perceived life threat	t = −0.27	0.79
No (n = 81)	2.76 (1.44)
Yes (n = 20)	2.86 (1.64)
Treatment intensity	F = 0.13	0.88
Moderate (n = 21)	2.78 (1.54)
Very (n = 45)	2.69 (1.55)
Most (n = 36)	2.86 (1.36)
Stress processing approaches	r with HRH
Positive reframing	0.14	0.16
Active coping	0.02	0.88
Intrapersonal factors	r with HRH
Self-efficacy	0.01	0.91
Dispositional hope	0.01	0.95
Social–ecological factors	r with HRH
Family functioningb
Patient report	0.05	0.65
Caregiver report	0.18	0.07
Family support	0.11	0.29
Peer support	0.11	0.27

Note: Italicized p-values are statistically significant.

The pattern of bivariate relationships between examined variables and HRH was similar across subscales of HRH. This indicates that the specific type of HRH is not as important as the perceived impact of any symptoms on goal pursuit. Correlation coefficients were computed using bivariate Pearson correlations. t-Tests were conducted to compare means on binary variables, and ANOVA was conducted to yield an omnibus F-statistic to compare means of categorical variables.

^aHigher scores correspond to better HRQOL (i.e., fewer problems).

^bHigher scores correspond to worse family functioning.