Table 3.

Association of insomnia course with 12-month disability and return to paid work

6-month characteristic pattern of insomnia	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Model 2 OR (95% CI)	Model 3 OR (95% CI)
Disability at 12 months (n = 368)
Never (n = 192)	ref.	ref.	ref.
Chronic (n = 58)	3.60 (2.07–6.25)	2.47 (1.36–4.51)	2.39 (1.27–4.50)
Recovery (n = 66)	3.13 (1.77–5.52)	2.12 (1.15–3.93)	1.51 (0.76–3.00)
Late (n = 52)	1.76 (1.05–2.95)	1.21 (0.69–2.11)	1.16 (0.63–2.15)
Return to work by 12 months (n = 247)
Never (n = 140)	ref.	ref.	ref.
Chronic (n = 38)	0.26 (0.12–0.56)	0.37 (0.15–0.92)	0.39 (0.14–1.15)
Recovery (n = 44)	0.64 (0.29–1.43)	0.54 (0.22–1.32)	0.56 (0.20–1.61)
Late (n = 25)	1.12 (0.38–3.28)	1.18 (0.35–3.94)	1.34 (0.37–4.86)

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Modelling for disability using ordinal regression for increasing quartiles of WHODASII score. Modelling for return to work using logistic regression. Model 1 is adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 is adjusted for significant baseline psychological variables: depression, anxiety, prior treatment for psychological illness, and alcohol use. Model 3 is additionally adjusted for baseline disability/illness variables: WHODASII score and physical comorbidity.