Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics for all patients (n = 160) according to impairment status
| Variables | All patients | Dysphagia |
Dysarthria |
Aphasia |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present (n = 76) | absent (n = 84) | present (n = 71) | absent (n = 89) | present (n = 52) | absent (n = 108) | |||
| Mean age (SD), years | 66.7 (15.0) | 69.9 (13.8) | 63.6 (15.6) | 67.4 (14.6) | 66.1 (15.4) | 70.8 (13.3) | 64.7 (15.5) | |
| Men, n (%) | 91 (56.9) | 46 (60.5) | 45 (53.6) | 41 (57.8) | 50 (56.2) | 26 (50.0) | 65 (60.2) | |
| Previous medical history, n (%) | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 111 (69.4) | 59 (77.6) | 52 (61.9) | 45 (63.4) | 66 (74.2) | 37 (71.2) | 74 (68.5) | |
| Diabetes | 38 (23.8) | 22 (28.9) | 16 (19.0) | 14 (19.7) | 24 (27.0) | 14 (26.9) | 24 (22.2) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 55 (34.4) | 26 (34.2) | 29 (34.5) | 18 (25.4) | 37 (41.6) | 21 (40.4) | 34 (31.5) | |
| Previous TIA | 31 (19.4) | 14 (18.4) | 17 (20.2) | <a | >b | 12 (23.1) | 19 (17.6) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 13 (8.1) | >a | <b | >a | <b | >a | <b | |
| Current smoker | 33 (20.6) | 15 (19.7) | 18 (21.4) | 15 (21.1) | 18 (20.2) | <a | >b | |
| Other conditions, n (%) | ||||||||
| Asthma or COPD | ≤10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Cancer | ≤20 | >a | <b | <a | >b | <a | >b | |
| Peripheral disease | ≤10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Cause of ischemia,c n (%) | ||||||||
| Cardioembolic | 27 (16.9) | 11 (14.5) | 16 (19.0) | <a | >b | >a | <b | |
| Large artery | 41 (25.6) | 28 (36.8) | 13 (15.5) | 22 (31.0) | 19 (21.3) | 19 (36.5) | 22 (20.4) | |
| Lacunar | 29 (18.1) | 11 (14.5) | 18 (21.4) | 13 (18.3) | 16 (18.0) | <a | >b | |
| Otherd | ≤20 | <a | >b | <a | >b | <a | >b | |
| Mean CNS score (SD)e | 8.0 (5.0) | 6.7 (2.7) | 9.2 (2.3) | 7.5 (2.5) | 8.4 (3.0) | 6.3 (3.1) | 8.8 (2.3) | |
| Alert level of consciousness, n (%) | 135 (84.4) | 60 (78.9) | 75 (89.3) | 59 (83.1) | 76 (85.4) | 38 (73.1) | 97 (89.8) | |
| Physical symptoms, n (%) | ||||||||
| Sensoryf | 47 (29.4) | 19 (25.0) | 28 (33.3) | 20 (28.2) | 27 (30.3) | <a | >b | |
| Weaknessg | 127 (79.4) | 67 (88.2) | 60 (71.4) | 69 (97.2) | 58 (65.2) | 38 (73.1) | 89 (82.4) | |
| Median LSN (IQR) – arrival, h | 13.6 (45.3) | 8.9 (15.3) | 18.2 (45.6) | 9.1 (20.5) | 16.8 (30.6) | 9.1 (21.9) | 13.9 (37.6) | |
| Median LOS (range),e days | 9 (0–133) | 13 (0–133) | 7.0 (0–42) | 10 (0–87) | 8.5 (0–133) | 12.5 (0–87) | 8.0 (8.0) | |
| Median time to MRI (IQR), h | 67.8 (73.8) | 53.9 (80.3) | 71.9 (65.0) | 51.3 (74.6) | 71.2 (69.3) | 67.7 (71.8) | 67.7 (76.7) | |
| Thrombolysis, n (%) | 16 (10.0) | >a | <b | >a | <b | >a | <b | |
| Discharge status, n dead (%) | ≤10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Mean Rankin scale score (SD) | 2.9 (1.5) | 3.6 (1.2) | 2.3 (1.4) | 3.3 (1.2) | 2.7 (1.5) | 3.3 (1.4) | 2.8 (1.5) | |
Where a small cell size of ≤10 is potentially computable, an indication of trend direction is provided with the symbols < (smaller proportion) or > (larger proportion) across all comparisons for the entire variable. Where total numbers of all patients are ≤10 for a given variable, – denotes suppression of raw numbers for subcategory cells. CNS, Canadian Neurological Scale; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LOS, length of stay; LSN, last seen normal; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
Trend compared to absence of the same impairment for the variable in question.
Trend compared to presence of the same impairment for the variable in question.
If not described as cardioembolic, large artery, lacunar, or other, the cause of ischemic stroke was either unknown due to missing data or indeterminate (as per TOAST criteria) in the remaining patients.
Ischemic stroke classifications collapsed for dissection, cortical, prothrombotic, vasculitis, andother.
Missing data for 1–5 patients.
Sensory symptoms of cranial nerves (but not those for sight), including numbness, anesthesia, tingling, pin and needles, and paresthesia of the face, arms, and/or legs.
Physiological weakness of the face, arms, and/or legs.