Table 2.
MRI-based neuroanatomical characteristics for all patients (n = 160) according to impairment status
| Variables | All patients | Dysphagia |
Dysarthria |
Aphasia |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present (n = 76) | absent (n = 84) | present (n = 71) | absent (n = 89) | present (n = 52) | absent (n = 108) | ||
| T2 neurological disease, n (%) | |||||||
| Brain atrophy | |||||||
| Absent | 88 (55.0) | 34 (44.7) | 54 (64.3) | 40 (56.3) | 48 (53.9) | 23 (44.2) | 65 (60.2) |
| Mild | 46 (28.8) | 23 (30.3) | 23 (27.4) | 17 (23.9) | 29 (32.6) | 14 (26.9) | 32 (29.6) |
| Moderate | ≤25 | >a | <b | >a | <b | >a | <b |
| Severe | ≤10 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| White matter disease | |||||||
| 0 | ≤10 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1 | 83 (51.9) | 39 (51.3) | 44 (52.4) | 39 (54.9) | 44 (49.4) | 23 (44.2) | 60 (55.6) |
| 2 | 58 (36.33) | 27 (35.5) | 31 (36.9) | 25 (35.2) | 33 (37.1) | 21 (40.4) | 37 (34.3) |
| 3 | ≤10 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Prior covert stroke | |||||||
| Absent | 112 (70.0) | 56 (73.7) | 56 (66.7) | 52 (73.2) | 60 (67.4) | 38 (73.1) | 74 (68.5) |
| Single <2 cm | 23 (14.4) | <a | >b | <a | >b | <a | >b |
| Multiple <2 cm | ≤20 | >a | <b | <a | >b | <a | >b |
| >2 cm | ≤10 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| DWI acute lesion attributes | |||||||
| Side of lesions, n (%) | |||||||
| Left side | 77 (48.1) | 34 (44.7) | 43 (51.2) | 30 (42.3) | 47 (52.8) | 39 (75.0) | 38 (35.2) |
| Right side | 58 (36.3) | 27 (35.5) | 31 (36.9) | 28 (39.4) | 30 (33.7) | <a | >b |
| Bilateral | 25 (15.6) | 15 (19.7) | 10 (11.9) | 13 (18.3) | 12 (13.5) | <a | >b |
| Supratentorial involvement,c n (%) | |||||||
| Anterior cerebral artery cortex | ≤10 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Middle cerebral artery cortex | 88 (55.0) | 48 (63.2) | 40 (47.6) | 37 (52.1) | 51 (57.3) | 40 (76.9) | 48 (44.4) |
| Posterior cerebral artery cortex | 16 (10.0) | <a | >b | <a | >b | >a | <b |
| Basal ganglia | 36 (22.5) | >a | <b | 22 (31.0) | 14 (15.7) | 16 (30.8) | 20 (18.5) |
| Insula | 38 (23.8) | >a | <b | 22 (31.0) | 16 (18.0) | 24 (46.2) | 14 (13.0) |
| Internal capsule | 46 (28.8) | 29 (38.2) | 17 (20.2) | 27 (38.0) | 19 (21.3) | 17 (32.7) | 29 (26.9) |
| Periventricular white matter | 68 (42.5) | 41 (53.9) | 27 (32.1) | 33 (46.5) | 35 (39.3) | 26 (50.0) | 42 (38.9) |
| Thalamus | 16 (10.0) | <a | >b | <a | >b | >a | <b |
| Infratentorial involvement,c n (%) | |||||||
| Cerebellum | ≤20 | >a | <b | <a | >b | <a | >b |
| Midbrain | ≤10 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Pons and medulla | 33 (20.6) | 19 | 14 | 21 | 12 | <a | >b |
| Median volume (IQR), cm3 Volume categories, n (%) |
23.4 (73.6) | 43.4 (116.6) | 14.0 (50.8) | 21.8 (58.2) | 24.5 (90.3) | 59.3 (127.6) | 10.9 (53.1) |
| 0–4 cm3 | 30 (18.8) | <a | >b | 11 (15.5) | 19 (21.3) | <a | >b |
| >4–10 cm3 | 26 (16.3) | <a | >b | 14 (19.7) | 12 (13.5) | <a | >b |
| >10–30 cm3 | 30 (18.8) | <a | >b | 13 (18.3) | 17 (19.1) | 11 (21.2) | 19 (17.6) |
| >30–60 cm3 | ≤25 | >a | <b | >a | <b | >a | <b |
| >60–90 cm3 | ≤20 | >a | <b | >a | <b | <a | >b |
| >90 cm3 | 35 (21.9) | 20 (26.3) | 15 (17.9) | 11 (15.5) | 24 (27.0) | 21 (40.4) | 14 (13.0) |
Where a small cell size of ≤10 is potentially computable, an indication of trend direction is provided with the symbols < (smaller proportion) or > (larger proportion) across all comparisons for the entire variable. Where total numbers of all patients are ≤10 for a given variable, – denotes suppression of raw numbers for subcategory cells. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging.
a
Trend compared to absence of the same impairment for the variable in question.
b
Trend compared to presence of the same impairment for the variable in question.
c
Regions of interest were not mutually exclusive.