Table 3.
Whole brain neuroanatomical and demographic predictors of dysphagia, dysarthria, and aphasia
| Predictor variables | Dysphagia, OR (95% CI) (n = 76) | Dysarthria, OR (95% CI) (n = 71) | Aphasia, OR (95% CI) (n = 49)a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age (10-year increments) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | eliminated | eliminated |
| Sex (female) | eliminated | eliminated | eliminated |
| Clinical | |||
| History of atrial fibrillation (yes) | eliminated | eliminated | eliminated |
| Chronic brain disease | |||
| Brain atrophy (moderate or severe) | 3.0 (1.04–8.6) | eliminated | eliminated |
| White matter hyperintensities (scores >2) | eliminated | eliminated | eliminated |
| Covert stroke (multiple or large) | eliminated | eliminated | eliminated |
| Neuroanatomical regions of interest | |||
| Medulla (yes) | 6.2 (1.5–25.8) | eliminated | not tested |
| Pons (yes) | 3.6 (1.2–10.1) | 7.8 (2.7–22.9) | not tested |
| Cerebellum (yes) | eliminated | eliminated | not tested |
| Thalamus (yes) | eliminated | not tested | 6.2 (1.6–24.4) |
| Basal ganglia (yes) | eliminated | eliminated | eliminated |
| Internal capsule (yes) | 2.9 (1.2–6.6) | 3.6 (1.6–7.9) | eliminated |
| Insula (yes) | 4.8 (2.0–11.8) | 4.5 (1.8–11.4) | 34.4 (4.2–283.4) |
| Periventricular white matter (yes) | eliminated | eliminated | eliminated |
| Anterior cerebral artery (yes) | eliminated | eliminated | eliminated |
| Middle cerebral artery (yes) | eliminated | eliminated | 4.7 (1.5–14.2) |
| Posterior cerebral artery (yes) | eliminated | eliminated | eliminated |
| Lesion volume (increasing per mL) | eliminated | 0.997 (0.995–1.000) | eliminated |
| Lesion laterality (right) | eliminated | eliminated | not tested |
a
Model included only left-sided lesions (n = 102).